Habesh Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: Eyalet-i Habeş) was an Ottoman eyalet that bordered the Red Sea. It comprised Massawa, Hergigo, Suakin and their hinterlands. Later, it would also incorporate Zeila and other parts of northwestern Somalia. The city of Harar in modern Ethiopia was added much later in the 19th century, after administration of the eyalet had been transferred to Egypt in the late 19th century and its Pasha had conquered the city.
The term for the eyalet comes from the Arabic form (al-Ḥabašah, Bilād al-Ḥabašah) of the Semitic term for Abyssinians (Habesha), which is now used to denote only those Ethiopian and Eritrean people from the highlands (also known as Kabessa) region.
Like Ottoman control in North Africa, Yemen, Bahrain, and Lahsa, the Ottomans had no "effective, long term control" outside of the ports where there was a direct Ottoman presence and garrison.
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