South American Invasions That Failed To Penetrate Beyond Central America
Extant or extinct (†) Central American taxa whose ancestors migrated out of South America:
- Gonyleptid harvestmen (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)
- Electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes)
- Caeciliid caecilians (Caecilia, Dermophis, Gymnopis, Oscaecilia) – snake-like amphibians
- Poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae)
- Boine boas (Boidae: Boinae)
- Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus)
- Other opossums (Didelphidae) – 11 additional extant species, listed on discussion page
- Northern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous centralis)
- Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (Megalonychidae: Choloepus hoffmanni)
- Three-toed sloths (Bradypodidae: Bradypus variegatus, B. pygmaeus)
- Silky anteater (Cyclopedidae: Cyclopes didactylus)
- Other anteaters (Myrmecophagidae: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua mexicana)
- Rothschild's and Mexican hairy dwarf porcupines (Coendou rothschildi, Sphiggurus mexicanus)
- Other caviomorph rodents (Caviomorpha) – 9 additional extant species, listed on discussion page
- Platyrrhine monkeys (Platyrrhini) – at least 8 extant species, listed on discussion page
- †Mixotoxodon larensis – a rhino-sized toxodontid notoungulate
- Other vampire bats (Desmodontinae) – all 3 extant species
- Toucans (Ramphastidae)
- Tinamous (Tinamidae)
- Great Curassow (Crax rubra)
-
Oophaga pumilio
-
†Mixotoxodon
-
Tinamus major
Read more about this topic: Great American Interchange
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