South American Invasions of North America Exclusive of Central America
Extant or extinct (†) North American taxa whose ancestors migrated out of South America:
- Cichlids (Cichlidae: e.g. Herichthys cyanoguttatus) – freshwater fish that often tolerate brackish conditions
- Bufonid toads (Bufo)
- Hylid frogs
- Leptodactylid frogs – as far north as Texas
- Microhylid frogs
- Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
- Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus, †D. bellus)
- †Pachyarmatherium leiseyi, an enigmatic armored armadillo relative
- †Pampatheres (Plaina, Holmesina) – large armadillo-like animals
- †Glyptodontids (Glyptotherium)
- †Megalonychid ground sloths (Pliometanastes, Megalonyx)
- †Mylodontid ground sloths (Thinobadistes, Glossotherium, Paramylodon)
- †Megatheriid ground sloths (Eremotherium, Nothrotheriops)
- New World porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum, †Erethizon poyeri, †E. kleini)
- Capybaras (†Neochoerus pinckneyi, †N. aesopi)
- Vampire bats (†Desmodus stocki, †D. archaeodaptes)
- Cougar (Puma concolor) – returning from a South American refugium after North American cougars were extirpated in the Pleistocene extinctions
- †Terror birds (Phorusrhacidae: Titanis walleri)
- Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
- Tanagers (Thraupidae) – descended from earlier (perhaps Miocene) North American migrants
- Tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae)
- Parrots (Arini: Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, †Conuropsis carolinensis)
-
Dasypus novemcinctus
-
†Glyptotherium
-
The sloth †Eremotherium
Read more about this topic: Great American Interchange
Famous quotes containing the words south american, south, american, north, america, exclusive and/or central:
“I need not tell you of the inadequacy of the American shipping marine on the Pacific Coast.... For this reason it seems to me that there is no subject to which Congress can better devote its attention in the coming session than the passage of a bill which shall encourage our merchant marine in such a way as to establish American lines directly between New York and the eastern ports and South American ports, and both our Pacific Coast ports and the Orient and the Philippines.”
—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)
“The South Wind is a baker.”
—Vachel Lindsay (1879–1931)
“The new American finds his challenge and his love in the traffic-choked streets, skies nested in smog, choking with the acids of industry, the screech of rubber and houses leashed in against one another while the townlets wither a time and die.”
—John Steinbeck (1902–1968)
“Ah! on Thanksgiving day, when from East and from West,
From North and from South, come the pilgrim and guest,
When the gray-haired New Englander sees round his board
The old broken links of affection restored,
When the care-wearied man seeks his mother once more,
And the worn matron smiles where the girl smiled before.
What moistens the lip and what brightens the eye?
What calls back the past, like the rich Pumpkin pie?”
—John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892)
“In America few people will trust you unless you are irreverent.”
—Norman Mailer (b. 1923)
“Can words such as Orthodox, Jew, or Catholic really express some sort of exclusive personal virtues or merits?”
—Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860–1904)
“The central paradox of motherhood is that while our children become the absolute center of our lives, they must also push us back out in the world.... But motherhood that can narrow our lives can also broaden them. It can make us focus intensely on the moment and invest heavily in the future.”
—Ellen Goodman (20th century)