Immunochemistry of Glutens
Triticeae glutens are important factors in several inflammatory diseases. The immunochemistry can be subdivided into innate responses (direct stimulation of immune system), class II mediated presentation (HLA DQ), class I mediated stimulation of killer cells, and antibody recognition. The responses to gluten proteins and polypeptide regions differs according to the type of gluten sensitivity. The response is also dependent on the genetic makeup of the human leukocyte antigen genes. In enteropathy, there are at least 3 types of recognition, innate immunity (a form of cellular immunity priming), HLA-DQ and antibody recognition of gliadin and transglutaminase.
The three dominant sequences responsible for the antibody reaction have been identified. With idiopathic disease only antibody recognition to gliadin has been resolved. In wheat allergy, there appears to be an innate components and the response pathways are mediated through IgE against gliadin and other wheat proteins.
Read more about this topic: Gluten Sensitivity, Causes of Gluten Sensitivity