| Definition |
Etymology |
In other languages |
panca skandha The five constituent elements into which an individual is analyzed. They are:
- "form": Pāli, Sanskrit: rūpa; Bu: ရူပ yupa; 色 Cn: sè; Jp: shiki
- "sensation": Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; Bu: ဝေဒန wedana; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju
- "cognition": Pāli: saññā; Sanskrit: saṃjñā; Bu: သညာ thinnya; 想 Cn: xiàng; Jp: sō
- "mental formations": Pāli: saṅkhāra; Sanskrit: saṃskāra; Bu: သင်္ခါရ thinkhaya; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō
- "consciousness": Pāli: viññāṇa; Sanskrit: vijñāna; Bu: ဝိညာဉ် winyin; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki
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- Sanskrit: pañca skandha
- Pāli: pañca khandha
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- Bur: ခန္ဒာငါးပါး khanda nga ba
- Shan: ႁႃႈ ၶၼ်ႇထႃႇ
- 五蘊, 五陰, 五薀
- Cn: wǔyùn
- Jp: go-on, sometimes go-un
- Vi: ngũ uẩn
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| Panchen Lama The second highest ranking lama in the Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism. after the Dalai Lama |
- Tibetan: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ་ pan-chen bla-ma
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- Sanskrit: paṇḍitaguru
- Mn: Банчин Богд, Banchin Bogd
- 班禪喇嘛
- Cn: Bānchán Lǎma
- Jp: ??
- Vi: Ban-thiền Lạt-ma
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| paññā, see prajna |
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- Bur: ပညာ pyinnya
- Mon: ပညာ
- Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ
- Tibetan: shes rab
- Mn: билиг, bilig
- 智慧 or 知恵 or 般若
- Cn: Zhìhuì, zhīhuì, bōrě
- Jp: chie,hannya
- Vi:
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| paramartha Absolute, as opposed to merely conventional, truth or reality; see also samvrti |
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- Bur: ပရမတ် paramat
- Thai: ปรมัตถ์ paramutt
- 真諦
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| paramita, lit. "reaching the other shore," usually rendered in English as "perfection." The Mahayana practices for obtaining enlightenment; giving, ethics, patience, effort, concentration and wisdom |
- Pāli: pāramī
- Sanskrit: pāramitā
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- Bur: ပါရမီ parami
- Mon: ပါရမဳ
- Thai: บารมี baramee
- Mn: барамид, baramid
- 波羅蜜 or 波羅蜜多
- Cn: bōluómì or bōluómìduō
- Jp: haramitsu or haramita
- Vi: ba-la-mật or ba-la-mật-đa
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| parinibbana/parinirvana The final nibbana/nirvana |
- from nibbana/nirvana above
- Pāli: parinibbāna
- Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa
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- Bur: ပရိနိဗ္ဗာန် pareineibban
- Thai: ปรินิพพาน pari-nippaan
- 般涅槃
- Cn: bōnièpán
- Jp: hatsunehan
- Vi: bát-niết-bàn
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| Perfection of Wisdom |
- from pāramitā ("perfection") above and prajñā/paññā ("wisdom") below
- Sanskrit: prajñāpāramitā
- Pāli: paññāparami
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- Bur: ပညာပါရမီ pyinnya parami
- Mon: ပညာပါရမဳ
- Mn: билиг барамид, bilig baramid
- 般若波羅蜜 or 般若波羅蜜多
- Cn: bōrě-bōluómì or bōrě-bōluómìduō
- Jp: hannya-haramitsu or hannya-haramita
- Vi: bát-nhã-ba-la-mật or bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa
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| Pointing-out instruction The direct introduction to the nature of mind in the lineages of Essence Mahamudra and Dzogchen. A root guru is the master who gives the 'pointing-out instruction' so that the disciple recognizes the nature of mind |
- Tibetan: ངོ་སྤྲོད་ ngo-sprod
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| prajna/paññā "wisdom", "insight" |
- Pāli: paññā
- Sanskrit: prajñā
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- Bur: ပညာ pyinnya
- Thai: ปัญญา pun-ya
- Mn: хөтлөх, khötlökh
- 般若
- Cn: bōrě or bānruò
- Jp: hannya
- Vi: bát-nhã
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| pratitya-samutpada "Dependent origination," the view that no phenomenon exists (or comes about) without depending on other phenomena or conditions around it. In English also called "conditioned genesis," "dependent co-arising," "interdependent arising," etc.
A famous application of dependent origination is the Twelve Nidana, or 12 inter-dependences (Sanskrit: dvādaśāṅgapratītyasamutpāda; 十二因緣, 十二因縁 Cn: shíàr yīnyuán; Jp: jūni innen; Vi: thập nhị nhân duyên), which are:
- Ignorance (Pāli: avijjā; Sanskrit: avidyā; 無明 Cn: wúmíng; Jp: mumyō; Vi: vô minh; Mn: мунхрахуй, munhrahui)
- Ignorance creates Mental Formation (Pāli: saṅkhāra; Sanskrit: saṃskāra; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō; Vi: hành; Mn: хуран үйлдэхүй, khuran uildehui)
- Mental Formation creates Consciousness (Pāli: viññāṇa; Sanskrit: vijñāna; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki; Vi: thức; Mn: тийн мэдэхүй, tiin medehui)
- Consciousness creates Name & Form (Pāli, Sanskrit: nāmarūpa; 名色 Cn: míngsè; Jp: myōshiki; Vi: danh sắc; Mn: нэр өнгө, ner öngö)
- Name & Form create Sense Gates (Pāli: saḷāyatana; Sanskrit: ṣaḍāyatana; 六入 or 六処 Cn: liùrù; Jp: rokunyū or rokusho; Vi: lục căn; Mn: төрөн түгэхүй, törön tugehui)
- Sense Gates create Contact (Pāli: phassa; Sanskrit: sparśa; 觸, 触 Cn: chù; Jp: soku; Vi: xúc; Mn: хүрэлцэхүй, khureltsehui)
- Contact creates Feeling (Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju; Vi: thụ; Mn: сэрэхүй, serehui)
- Feeling creates Craving (Pāli: taṇhā; Sanskrit: tṛṣṇā; 愛 Cn: ài; Jp: ai; Vi: ái; Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui)
- Craving creates Clinging (Pāli, Sanskrit: upādāna; 取 Cn: qǔ; Jp: shu; Vi: thủ; Mn: авахуй, avahui)
- Clinging creates Becoming (Pāli, Sanskrit: bhava; 有 Cn: yǒu; Jp: u; Vi: hữu; Mn: сансар, sansar)
- Becoming creates Birth (Pāli, Sanskrit: jāti; 生 Cn: shēng; Jp: shō; Vi: sinh; Mn: төрөхүй, töröhui )
- Birth leads to Aging & Death (Pāli, Sanskrit: jarāmaraṇa; 老死 Cn: láosǐ; Jp: rōshi; Vi: lão tử; Mn: өтлөх үхэхүй, ötlöh uhehui)
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- Pāli: paṭicca-samuppāda
- Sanskrit: pratitya-samutpāda
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- Bur: ပဋိစ္စသမုပ္ပါဒ် padeissa thamopad
- Tib: རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ་ rten cing `brel bar `byung ba
- Mn: шүтэн барилдлага, shuten barildlaga
- 緣起 (thought to be an abbreviation for 因緣生起), 縁起
- Cn: yuánqǐ
- Jp: engi
- Vi: duyên khởi
- Also called 因緣, 因縁
- Cn: yīnyuán
- Jp: innen
- Vi: nhân duyên
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| Pratyekabuddha/Paccekabuddha, lit. "a buddha by his own", A buddha who reaches enlightenment on his own |
- Pāli: paccekabuddha
- Sanskrit: pratyekabuddha
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- Bur: ပစ္စေကဗုဒ္ဓါ pyiseka boddha
- 辟支佛
- Cn: Bìzhī Fó
- Jp: Hyakushibutsu
- Vi: Bích-chi Phật
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| Pure Land Buddhism A large branch of Mahayana, dominantly in East Asia. The goal of Pure Land Buddhism is to be reborn in the Western sukhavati of Amitabha, either as a real place or within the mind, through the other-power of repeating the Buddha's name, nianfo or nembutsu. |
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- 净土宗(Ch), 浄土教(Jp)
- Cn: Jìngtǔ-zōng
- Jp: Jōdo-kyo
- Ko: Jeongtojong
- Vi: Tịnh độ tông
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| purisa The practicing Buddhist community as a whole; sangha and laity |
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