Glossary of Buddhism

Definition	Etymology	In other languages
dakini A supernatural female with volatile temperament who serves as a muse for spiritual practice. Dakinis are often depicted naked to represent the truth	Sanskrit: ḍākinī	Tib: མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་ mkha` `gro ma Mn: дагина, dagina 空行女, 荼枳尼天 Cn: khong xing mu Jp: Dakini-ten Ko: 다키니 dakini or 공행녀 gonghaengnyeo Vi: không hành nữ
Dalai Lama, lit. "the lama with wisdom like an ocean", secular and spiritual leader of Tibet as nominated by the Mongols	Mn: далай, dalai, lit. "ocean" Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་ taa-la'i bla-ma	達賴喇嘛 Cn: Dálài Lǎma Jp: Darai Rama Ko: 달라이 라마 dalai rama Vi: Đạt Lai Lạt Ma or Đạt-lại Lạt-ma
dana Generosity or giving; in Buddhism, it also refers to the practice of cultivating generosity	Pāli, Sanskrit: dāna	Bur: ဒါန dana Mon: ဒါန or ဒါန် Thai: ทาน taan 布施 Cn: bùshī Jp: fuse Ko: 보시 bosi Vi: bố thí Mn: өглөг
deva many different types of non-human beings who share the characteristics of being more powerful, longer-lived, and, in general, living more contentedly than the average human being	Pāli and Sanskrit: deva	Bur: ဒေဝ dewa Khmer: ទេព or preah (ព្រះ) Mn: тэнгэр tenger Mon: ဒေဝတဴ tewetao Shan: တေႇဝႃႇ 天 Zh: tiān Ko: cheon Jp: ten Vi: thiên
dependent origination, see Pratityasamutpada	Pāli: paṭicca-samuppāda Sanskrit: pratītya-samutpāda	Bur: ပဋိစ္စသမုပ္ပါဒ် padeissa thamopad Tib: rten.cing.'brel.bar.'byung.ba Mn: шүтэн барилдлага shuten barildlaga 因縁, also 緣起, 縁起 Cn: yīnyuan, also yuánqǐ Jp: innen, also engi Ko: 인연 inyeon, also 연기 yeongi Vi: nhân duyên, duyên khởi
dhamma/dharma Often refers to the doctrines and teachings of the faith, but it may have broader uses. Also, it is an important technical term meaning something like "phenomenological constituent." This leads to the potential for confusion, puns, and double entendres, as the latter meaning often has negative connotations	from √dhṛ: to hold Pāli: dhamma Sanskrit: dharma	Bur: ဓမ္မ dhamma Mon: ဓဝ် Thai: ธรรมะ tam-ma Tib: ཆོས་, choi Mn: дээдийн ном, deediin nom 法 Cn: fă Jp: hō Ko: beop Vi: pháp
dhammavinaya The dharma and vinaya (roughly "doctrine and discipline") considered together. This term essentially means the whole teachings of Buddhism as taught to monks		Mn: суртгаал номхотгол, surtgaal nomkhotgol
dhammacakka/dharmacakra A symbolic representation of the dharma, also known as the Wheel of Dharma	Sanskrit: dharmacakra Pāli: dhammacakka	Bur: ဓမ္မစကြာ dhamma sekya Tib: ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ, chai gyi khorlo Mn: номын хүрдэн, momiin khurden 法輪 Cn: Fǎlún Jp: hōrin Ko: beopryun Vi: pháp luân
Dhammapada a versified Buddhist scripture traditionally ascribed to the Buddha	Pāli: Dhammapada Sanskrit: Dharmapada	Bur: ဓမ္မပဒ Dhammapada 法句經 Cn: Fǎ jù jīng (sc. 法句经) Jp: Hokkukyō (shin. 法句経) Ko: Vi: Kinh Pháp Cú
dhammapala/dharmapala A fearsome deity, known as protector of the Dharma	Sanskrit: dharmapāla Pāli: dhammapāla	Tib: chos-kyong Mn: догшид, dogshid; хангал, khangal 護法 Cn: hùfǎ Jp: gohō Ko: hobeop Vi: Hộ Pháp
Dhyana, see jhana	Pāli: jhāna Sanskrit: dhyāna	Bur: ဈာန် zan Mon: ဇျာန် Mn: дияан, diyan 禪 or 禪那, 禅 or 禅那 Cn: Chán or Chánnà Jp: Zen or Zenna Ko: Seon Vi: Thiền or Thiền-na
Dīpankara Buddha	Pāli: Dīpamkara Sanskrit: Dīpankara	Bur: ဒီပင်္ကရာ dipankara Thai: พระทีปังกรพุทธเจ้า 燃燈佛 Cn: Rándēng Fo Jp: Nentōbutsu
doan In Zen, a term for person sounding the bell that marks the beginning and end of Zazen	Japanese: 堂行 dōan
dokusan A private meeting between a Zen student and the master. It is an important element in Rinzai Zen training, as it provides an opportunity for the student to demonstrate understanding	Japanese: 独参 dokusan	獨參 Cn: dúcān Ko: dokcham Vi: độc tham
dukkha Suffering, dissatisfaction, stress	Pāli: dukkha Sanskrit: duḥkha	Bur: ဒုက္ခ doukkha Shan: တုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ Thai: ทุกข์ took Tib: སྡུག་བསྔལ་ sdug bsngal Mn: зовлон, zovlon 苦 Cn: kǔ Jp: ku Ko: go Vi: khổ
dzogchen The natural, intrinsic state of every sentient being	Tibetan: རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ rdzogs pa chen po	Sanskrit: atiyoga 大究竟 Cn: dàjiūjìng Jp: daikukyō Ko: daegugyeong Vi: đại cứu cánh

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