Gilliland is a surname and may refer to:
- Alexis A. Gilliland (born 1931), American science fiction writer and cartoonist
- Allan Gilliland (born 1965), Canadian composer.
- Brent Gilliland, bass guitarist for American rock band The Sammus Theory
- Butch Gilliland (born 1958), American race car driver
- Charles L. Gilliland (1933–1951), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
- David Gilliland (born 1976), American race car driver
- Edwin R. Gilliland (1909–1973), American chemical engineer
- John Gilliland (1935–1998), American radio broadcaster and documentarian
- Kaitlyn Gilliland, New York City Ballet dancer
- Richard Gilliland (born 1950), American television and movie actor