Adjectives
Properly speaking, Georgian does not distinguish nouns from adjectives; rather, it distinguishes modifiers from modified by relative position in the nominal clause. As a result of this, things that might sound like adjectives can have substantive force in Georgian: one could say mindoda lurji ts'igni ("I would like the blue book") or just mindoda lurji ("I would like the blue one"). The declension of these adjective-like modifiers is different from that of nouns, but like that of nouns, it depends on whether the root of the adjective ends with a consonant or a vowel: a vowel-final-stem adjective is identical in all cases, while a consonant-final-stem adjective changes from case to case. (Put another way, one might say that vowel-final-stem adjectives do not actually decline for case.) The following table presents declensions of the adjectives did- ("big") and ch'aghara- ("grey") with the noun datv- ("bear").
Consonant final stem | Example: did- | Vowel final stem | Example: ch'aghara- | Noun example: datv- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -i | did-i | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-i |
Ergative | -ma | did-ma | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-ma |
Dative | -Ø | did | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-s |
Genitive | -i | did-i | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-is |
Instrumental | -i | did-i | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-it |
Adverbial | -Ø | did | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-ad |
Vocative | -o | did-o | -Ø | ch'aghara | datv-o |
Read more about this topic: Georgian Grammar