History
In 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch created the first genetically modified animal by inserting a DNA virus into an early-stage mouse embryo and showing that the inserted genes were present in every cell. However the mice did not pass the transgene to their offspring. In 1981 the laboratories of Frank Ruddle from Yale, Frank Constantini and Elizabeth Lacy from Oxford, and Ralph Brinster and Richard Palmiter from University of Pennsylvania and University of Washington injected purified DNA into a single-cell mouse embryo and showed transmission of the genetic material to subsequent generations. During the early eighties the technology used to generate genetically modified mice was improved into a tractable and reproducible method.
Read more about this topic: Genetically Modified Mouse
Famous quotes containing the word history:
“A great proportion of the inhabitants of the Cape are always thus abroad about their teaming on some ocean highway or other, and the history of one of their ordinary trips would cast the Argonautic expedition into the shade.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Free from public debt, at peace with all the world, and with no complicated interests to consult in our intercourse with foreign powers, the present may be hailed as the epoch in our history the most favorable for the settlement of those principles in our domestic policy which shall be best calculated to give stability to our Republic and secure the blessings of freedom to our citizens.”
—Andrew Jackson (1767–1845)
“The history of any nation follows an undulatory course. In the trough of the wave we find more or less complete anarchy; but the crest is not more or less complete Utopia, but only, at best, a tolerably humane, partially free and fairly just society that invariably carries within itself the seeds of its own decadence.”
—Aldous Huxley (1894–1963)