The Constitution of 22 August 1795 (also known as the Constitution of the Year III, or the Constitution of 5 Fructidor) was a national constitution of France ratified by the National Convention on 22 August 1795 (5 Fructidor of the Year III under the French Revolutionary Calendar) during the French Revolution. It established the Directory, and remained in effect until the coup of 18 Brumaire (9 November 1799) effectively ended the Revolution and began the ascendancy of Napoleon Bonaparte. It was more conservative than the abortive democratic French Constitution of 1793. The Constitution of 1795 established a liberal republic with a franchise based on the payment of taxes, similar to that of the French Constitution of 1791; a bicameral legislature, (Council of Ancients, and a Council of 500) to slow down the legislative process; and a five-man Directory. The central government retained great power, including emergency powers to curb freedom of the press and freedom of association. It was succeeded by the Constitution of the Year VIII, which established the Consulate.
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French Revolution
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- Timeline
- Ancien Régime
- Causes
- Revolution
- Constitutional Monarchy
- Republic
- Directory
- Consulate
- Glossary
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Significant civil and political events by year
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| 1788 |
- Day of the Tiles
- Assembly of Vizille
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| 1789 |
- Reveillon riot
- Convocation of the Estates-General
- National Assembly
- National Constituent Assembly
- Tennis Court Oath
- Storming of the Bastille
- Great Fear
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- The Women's March on Versailles
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| 1790 |
- Abolition of the Parlements
- Abolition of the Nobility
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy
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| 1791 |
- Flight to Varennes
- Champ de Mars Massacre
- Declaration of Pillnitz
- The Constitution of 1791
- Legislative Assembly
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| 1792 |
- Brunswick Manifesto
- Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
- 10th of August
- September Massacres
- National Convention
- First republic declared
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| 1793 |
- Louis Capet is guillotined
- Revolutionary Tribunal
- Reign of Terror
- Committee of Public Safety
- Committee of General Security
- Fall of the Girondists
- Assassination of Marat
- Levée en masse
- Law of Suspects
- Marie Antoinette is guillotined
- Anti-clerical laws
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| 1794 |
- Danton & Desmoulins guillotined
- Law of 22 Prairial
- Thermidorian Reaction
- White Terror
- Closing of the Jacobin Club
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| 1795 |
- 1795 Constitution
- Conspiracy of the Equals
- Directoire
- Council of Five Hundred
- Council of Ancients
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| 1797 |
- Coup of 18 Fructidor
- Second Congress of Rastatt
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| 1799 |
- Coup of 30 Prairial Year VII
- Coup of 18 Brumaire
- Constitution of the Year VIII
- Consulate
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Revolutionary wars
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| 1792 |
- Verdun
- Thionville (fr)
- Valmy
- Royalist Revolts
- Chouannerie
- Vendée
- Dauphiné
- Lille
- Mayence (fr)
- Jemappes
- Namur (fr)
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| 1793 |
- First Coalition
- Siege of Toulon
- War in the Vendée
- Battle of Neerwinden)
- Battle of Famars
- Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco
- Battle of Kaiserslautern
- Siege of Mainz
- Battle of Wattignies
- Battle of Hondschoote
- Siege of Bellegarde
- Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
- First Battle of Wissembourg
- Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
- Second Battle of Wissembourg
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| 1794 |
- Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
- Battle of Boulou (Pyrenees)
- Battle of Tournay
- Battle of Fleurus
- Chouannerie
- Battle of Tourcoing
- Battle of Aldenhoven
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| 1795 |
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| 1796 |
- Battle of Lonato
- Battle of Castiglione
- Battle of Theiningen
- Battle of Neresheim
- Battle of Amberg
- Battle of Würzburg
- Battle of Rovereto
- First Battle of Bassano
- Battle of Emmendingen
- Battle of Schliengen
- Second Battle of Bassano
- Battle of Calliano
- Battle of the Bridge of Arcole
- The Ireland Expedition
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| 1797 |
- Naval Engagement off Brittany
- Battle of Rivoli
- Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
- Treaty of Leoben
- Battle of Neuwied
- Treaty of Campo Formio
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| 1798 |
- French Invasion of Egypt
- Irish Rebellion of 1798
- Quasi-War
- Peasants' War
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| 1799 |
- Second Coalition
- Siege of Acre
- Battle of Ostrach
- Battle of Stockach
- Battle of Magnano
- Battle of Cassano
- First Battle of Zurich
- Battle of Trebbia
- Battle of Novi
- Second Battle of Zurich
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| 1800 |
- Battle of Marengo
- Battle of Hohenlinden
- League of Armed Neutrality
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| 1801 |
- Treaty of Lunéville
- Treaty of Florence
- Algeciras Campaign
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| 1802 |
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Military leaders
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| French army |
- Eustache Charles d'Aoust
- Pierre Augereau
- Alexandre de Beauharnais
- Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
- Louis-Alexandre Berthier
- Jean-Baptiste Bessières
- Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune
- Jean François Carteaux
- Jean Étienne Championnet
- Chapuis de Tourville
- Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
- Louis-Nicolas Davout
- Louis Desaix
- Jacques François Dugommier
- Charles François Dumouriez
- Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
- Louis-Charles de Flers
- Paul Grenier
- Emmanuel de Grouchy
- Jacques Maurice Hatry
- Lazare Hoche
- Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
- François Christophe de Kellermann
- Jean Baptiste Kléber
- Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
- Jean Lannes
- Charles Leclerc
- Claude Lecourbe
- François Joseph Lefebvre
- Jacques MacDonald
- Jean-Antoine Marbot
- Jean Baptiste de Marbot
- François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers
- Auguste de Marmont
- André Masséna
- Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
- Jean Victor Marie Moreau
- Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier
- Joachim Murat
- Michel Ney
- Pierre-Jacques Osten (fr)
- Nicolas Oudinot
- Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
- Jean-Charles Pichegru
- Józef Poniatowski
- Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
- Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
- Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
- Joseph Souham
- Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult
- Louis-Gabriel Suchet
- Belgrand de Vaubois
- Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
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| French navy |
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| Opposition |
| Austria
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- József Alvinczi
- Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
- Count of Clerfayt
- Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
- Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
- Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
- Pál Kray
- Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
- Maximilian Baillet de Latour
- Karl Mack von Leiberich
- Rudolf Ritter von Otto
- Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
- Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
- Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
- Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
- Dagobert von Wurmser
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| Britain
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- Sir Ralph Abercromby
- Admiral Sir James Saumarez
- Admiral Sir Edward Pellew
- Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
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| Dutch Republic
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- William V, Prince of Orange
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| Prussia
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- Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
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| Russia
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- Alexander Korsakov
- Alexander Suvorov
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| Spain
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- Luis Firmin de Carvajal
- Antonio Ricardos
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Other important figures and factions
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Royals and
Royalists |
- Charles X of France
- Louis XVI
- Louis XVII
- Louis XVIII
- Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
- Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
- Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
- Louis Philippe I
- Marie Antoinette
- Madame de Lamballe
- Madame du Barry
- Louis de Breteuil
- Loménie de Brienne
- Charles Alexandre de Calonne
- de Chateaubriand
- Jean Chouan
- Grace Elliott
- Arnaud de La Porte
- Jean-Sifrein Maury
- Mirabeau
- Jacques Necker
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| Feuillants |
- Antoine Barnave
- Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
- Charles Malo François Lameth
- Lafayette
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| Girondists |
- Jacques Pierre Brissot
- Étienne Clavière
- Marquis de Condorcet
- Charlotte Corday
- Marie Jean Hérault
- Roland de La Platière
- Madame Roland
- Jean Baptiste Treilhard
- Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
- Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
- Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
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| Montagnards |
- Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras
- Georges Couthon
- Georges Danton
- Jacques-Louis David
- Camille Desmoulins
- Roger Ducos
- Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
- Jean-Paul Marat
- Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
- Prieur de la Marne
- Maximilien de Robespierre
- Gilbert Romme
- Jean Bon Saint-André
- Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
- Jean-Lambert Tallien
- Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
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| Hébertists |
- Jacques Hébert
- Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
- Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
- Jacques Roux
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| Bonapartists |
- Napoléon Bonaparte
- de Cambacérès
- Jacques-Louis David
- Jean Debry
- Joseph Fesch
- Charles François Lebrun
- Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
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| Others |
- Jean-Pierre-André Amar
- François-Noël Babeuf
- Jean Sylvain Bailly
- François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
- Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
- Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
- André Chénier
- Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
- Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
- Olympe de Gouges
- Father Henri Grégoire
- Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
- Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
- Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
- Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
- Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
- Jean Joseph Mounier
- Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
- François de Neufchâteau
- Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
- Pierre Louis Prieur
- Jean-François Rewbell
- Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
- Marquis de Sade
- Antoine Christophe Saliceti
- Abbé Sieyès
- Madame de Staël
- Talleyrand
- Thérésa Tallien
- Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
- Catherine Théot
- Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
- Jean-Henri Voulland
- Enragés
- List of people associated with the French Revolution
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Influential thinkers
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- Les Lumières
- Beaumarchais
- Edmund Burke
- Anacharsis Cloots
- Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
- Pierre Claude François Daunou
- Diderot
- Benjamin Franklin
- Thomas Jefferson
- Antoine Lavoisier
- Montesquieu
- Thomas Paine
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Voltaire
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The Bonapartes
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- Joséphine de Beauharnais
- Joseph Bonaparte
- Lucien Bonaparte
- Napoléon Bonaparte
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Cultural impact
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- La Marseillaise
- Fabre d'Églantine
- French Tricolour
- Liberté, égalité, fraternité
- Bastille Day
- Panthéon
- French Republican Calendar
- Cult of the Supreme Being
- Cult of Reason
- Sans-culottes
- Metric system
- Quatrevingt-treize
- A Tale of Two Cities
- The Scarlet Pimpernel
- Scaramouche
- La Révolution française
- Orphans of the Storm
- Danton
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Constitutions of France
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- 1791
- 1793 (Year I)
- 1795 (Year III)
- 1799 (Year VIII)
- 1802 (Year X)
- 1804 (Year XII)
- 1814
- 1815
- 1830
- 1848
- 1852
- 1875
- 1940
- 1945
- 1946
- 1958
- Proposed: Girondin constitutional project (1793)
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