Decline
This test was largely done away with by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with In re Alappat it was no longer necessary to include physical elements in the invention the presence of programmed general-purpose computer was enough. However, the result became important. If mathematical algorithm produced "useful, concrete and tangible result" it was statutory subject matter. The test was further modified by the Federal Circuit Court in AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc. and other similar cases to no longer require physical elements.
The test was repudiated in State Street Bank described as having "little, if any, applicability to determining the presence of statutory Subject matter." However, it continued to have use in the patent office who viewed it as much the same as the “practical application” and “useful, concrete and tangible results” tests. One noted issue with the test is that it dissects the claims into elements instead of analyzing the claims as a whole as required by Supreme Court precedent.
Read more about this topic: Freeman-Walter-Abele Test
Famous quotes containing the word decline:
“Our achievements speak for themselves. What we have to keep track of are our failures, discouragements, and doubts. We tend to forget the past difficulties, the many false starts, and the painful groping. We see our past achievements as the end result of a clean forward thrust, and our present difficulties as signs of decline and decay.”
—Eric Hoffer (1902–1983)
“Considered physiologically, everything ugly weakens and saddens man. It reminds him of decay, danger, impotence; it actually reduces his strength. The effect of ugliness can be measured with a dynamometer. Whenever anyone feels depressed, he senses the proximity of something “ugly.” His feeling of power, his will to power, his courage, his pride—they decline with ugliness, they rise with beauty.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
“Families suffered badly under industrialization, but they survived, and the lives of men, women, and children improved. Children, once marginal and exploited figures, have moved to a position of greater protection and respect,... The historic decline in the overall death rates for children is an astonishing social fact, notwithstanding the disgraceful infant mortality figures for the poor and minorities. Like the decline in death from childbirth for women, this is a stunning achievement.”
—Joseph Featherstone (20th century)