Frederick Coleridge Mackarness - Politics

Politics

Liberal politics were a part of Mackarness’ family. His sister Mary was married to Bernard Coleridge, another barrister of the Middle Temple, who was Liberal MP for Sheffield Attercliffe from 1885-1894. His father was also a Liberal and his appointment as Bishop of Oxford was on the recommendation of W E Gladstone.

In 1903, Mackarness resigned from his position as Recorder of Newbury to become the prospective Liberal parliamentary candidate. Newbury was a traditionally Conservative seat. Since its creation in 1885 it had been represented first by William George Mount and then by his son William Arthur Mount for the Tories. David Cameron who became Prime Minister at the 2010 general election is descended from the Mount family. At the 1900 general election William Arthur Mount was returned unopposed.

However. Mackarness was elected as MP for Newbury at the 1906 general election narrowly beating Mount by 402 votes. He was an active member of the House of Commons. While in Parliament he took up the cause of Chinese Labour in South Africa and campaigned on behalf of native Indians and their civil rights. In 1910, in his role as chairman of the executive of the India Civil Rights Committee, he published a pamphlet entitled Methods of the Indian Police in the 20th Century in which he showed, by quoting official reports, that untried prisoners were tortured to extort evidence. This document was suppressed by the Provincial Governments in India under the Press Act of 1912 and the resulting controversy caused a rift between Mackarness and his sympathetic supporters in the Liberal press and Edwin Montagu who was the Under-Secretary of State for India. Apart from his interest in the issue of so-called coolie labour, Mackarness drew on his experience in South Africa to comment regularly on matters affecting the British colonies there over the years. In 1902 he published Martial Law in the Cape Colony during 1901 and was a member of the South African Conciliation Committee, a British anti-war organisation opposed to the suffering caused by the Second Boer War and dedicated to bringing the war to an end through negotiation. Mackarness was also noted as an 'indefatigable' supporter of Irish Home Rule.

In 1909, Mackarness told his constituency Liberal Association that “for private reasons” he did not intend to fight the next election. The seat reverted to the Conservatives by a wide margin, William Arthur Mount recording a majority of 2,358 over the new Liberal candidate, Thomas Hedderwick the former MP for Wick Burghs.