War
In 1627, Huang Taiji dispatched Amin, Jirgalang, Ajige and Yoto to Korea, guided by Gang Hong-rip and other Koreans. The Manchus managed to march deep into Korean territory. They defeated Mao Wenlong's troops but failed to capture the commander. When the Manchus advanced southward to Hwangju, King Injo fled from Hanseong (Seoul) to Ganghwa Island in panic.
Despite the favorable situation, the Manchus pushed for peace negotiations, probably because Hong Taiji was concerned about the home defence. They offered peace to Korea, which was soon accepted, despite the opposition of some anti-Manchu statesmen who failed to appreciate the strong position of Manchus. The following settlement was agreed upon in Ganghwa Island:
- Korea abandons the Ming era name Tianqi (天啓).
- Korea offers Yi Gak as a hostage as a substitute for a royal prince.
- (Later) Jin and Korea will not violate each other's territory.
Meanwhile in Pyongyang, Amin looted the city for days before he was ordered by Hang Taji to sign the peace agreement. This agreement was more favorable to the Manchus. After the four month expedition, the Manchu army withdrew to Mukden.
Read more about this topic: First Manchu Invasion Of Korea
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