Far Pointer - in 16-bit X86

In 16-bit X86

Further information: Intel Memory Model

For example, in an Intel 8086, as well as in later processors running 16-bit code, a far pointer has two parts: a 16-bit segment value and a 16-bit offset value. A linear address is obtained by shifting the binary segment value four times to the left, and then adding the offset value. Hence the effective address is 20 bits (actually 21-bit, which led to the address wraparound and the Gate A20). There can be up to 4096 different segment-offset address pairs pointing to one physical address. To compare two far pointers, they must first be converted (normalized) to their 20-bit linear representation.

On C compilers targeting the 8086 processor family, far pointers were declared using a non-standard far qualifier. For example, char far *p; defined a far pointer to a char. The difficulty of normalizing far pointers could be avoided with the non-standard huge qualifier.

Example of far pointer:

#include int main{ char far *p =(char far *)0x55550005; char far *q =(char far *)0x53332225; *p = 80; (*p)++; printf("%d",*q); return 0; }

Output of the following program: 81; Because both addresses points to same location.
Physical Address = (value of segment register) * 0x10 + (value of offset).
Location pointed by pointer 'p' is : 0x5555 * 0x10 + 0x0005 = 0x55555
Location pointed by pointer 'q' is : 0x5333 * 0x10 + 0x2225 = 0x55555
So, p and q both point to same location 0x55555.