Rifle Design
Express rifles historically came in two actions, singles (single shot) and doubles. The side by side double was among the earliest, but by the early 20th century the bolt action began to replace it. The side by side has two barrels and either single or double triggers. Most parts of the mechanism that fire the gun are duplicated. In the unlikely event that a mechanical failure such as a broken spring or firing pin should occur, the hunter can still fire the second barrel. This design allows the hunter to fire two shots rapidly—the second shot used when the animal is missed or not stopped with the first. If the hunter were using a bolt action rifle, he would have to work the bolt, taking additional time and possibly affecting the aim. Bolt action rifles for hunting typically have a small magazine of about five rounds rather than the ten, thirty, or more found on more modern rifles firing smaller rounds.
Express rifles are generally either single shot or bolt action designs. Doubles are still made but are quite expensive; getting both barrels to shoot to the point of aim is a labor intensive process. Single shot rifles are not often used when hunting dangerous game because follow up shots are not made as quickly. Single shot express rifles, such as the Ruger No. 1 Tropical, are more compact than bolt actions, but while they can weigh less, reduced weight tends to increase felt recoil. Lighter rifles are more likely to be in the hunter's hands, ready for a quick shot when game is found.
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