Exhibition Place - History of The Grounds

History of The Grounds

Fort Toronto (also called Fort Rouillé) was built by French fur traders in 1750–1751 as a trading post on the site of today's grounds. The area was an important portage route for Native Americans, and the French wanted to capture their trade before they reached British posts. A small fort, it was burned by its garrison in 1759 as other French posts fell to the British on Lake Ontario.

The site witnessed two invasions of United States troops into York (Toronto) during the War of 1812. The first, on April 27, 1813, saw 1,700 soldiers come ashore to begin a six-day occupation of the town, during which they looted and burned edifices, including the Parliament Buildings. Three months later, on July 31, a force of 300 came ashore at or very near the grounds. Unopposed, they seized food and supplies in town, and burned military installations before departing. Half Moon Bay, Toronto is located to the south of the site was also a location of another military battery (Half Moon Bay Battery).

Years later, the British decided to replace old Fort York to the east with a new fort at the site of today's Exhibition Place. In 1840–1841, they constructed a series of seven limestone buildings and several smaller ones. Elaborate defensive works were never built, and the fort was turned over to Canada in 1870, which named it Stanley Barracks in 1893. It was garrisoned until 1947, then used for public housing through the early 1950s, when all but the officers' quarters were demolished. That building became Toronto's Marine Museum in the 1950s until it departed for a downtown pier in 1997. Both the Barracks and Museum are now closed.

In 1878, the Provincial Agricultural Fair was held at what would become Exhibition Place. That fair traditionally moved each year, so in 1879, when Ottawa was chosen as host, Toronto decided to hold its own fair. First called the Toronto Industrial Exhibition, it began an annual tradition that, since 1904, has been known as the Canadian National Exhibition—affectionately called "The Ex." Only five summers since 1879—all in the era of World War II—have not seen The Ex herald the end of summer vacation. None of the original 19th century buildings survive, but the oldest existing exhibition buildings are about 100 years old, and comprise a national historic site, including the Press Building (1905), the oldest among them.