Exekias - Themes

Themes

In his vase-paintings Exekias does not only reinterpret the mythological traditions of his time but at times even sets new fashions.

One of his most famous works is the so called Dionysus cup (Munich, Antikensammlung 2044). The cup falls into the category of eye cups and is decorated on the outside with two pairs of eyes. Unlike other examples of this group, figuratice scenes are filling the space at the handles, probably an innovation by Exekias. The interior shows a depiction of the god Dionysos on top of a coral-red slip, which coated the entire picture-space. The Dionysos kylix uses the bottom of a wine bowl as a working surface for the main scenario. Dionysos was the god of inspiration. The painting depicts the initial journey of Dionysos to Athens by ship. Pirates had seized the ship and were going, perhaps, to sell Dionysos into slavery. Instead the god caused vines to grow from the mast, frightening the pirates so much that they jumped overboard and were changed into dolphins.

Another re-interpretation of the mythological past can be seen on an amphora in the Vatican (344). It shows Achilleus and Ajax, both identified by their names added in genitive. They are sitting across from each other, looking at a block situated between them. The game, which might be compared to modern backgammon, was played with dice. According to the words written next to the two players Achilleus has thrown a four while Ajax threw a three. Although the two of them are pictured playing a game, they are clearly depicted as being on duty, wearing their body-armour and both holding a spear. The rest of their weapons are situated in close proximity, suggesting that they might head back into battle any moment. Apart from the selection of this very intimate scene as a symbol for Trojan war, this vase-painting also shows the talent of Exekias as an artist. The figures of both Achilles and Ajax are decorated with fine incised details, showing almost every hair.

The only kalos-name used on vases attributed to or signed by Exekias as a painter is Onetorides, while "Stesias kalos" appears on two amphorae he signed as a potter, but which were painted by a painter of Group E.