Other
Besides these, there are also many custom EXE formats, such as W3 (a collection of LE files, only used in WIN386.EXE), W4 (a compressed collection of LE files, only used in VMM32.VXD), DL, MP, P2, P3 (last three used by Phar Lap extenders), and probably more.
When a 16-bit or 32-bit Windows executable is run by Windows, execution starts at either the NE or the PE, and ignores the MZ code. On the other hand, DOS cannot execute these files (except using HX DOS Extender, which supports PE files only). To prevent DOS from crashing, all Windows executable files should and usually do start with a "working" DOS program called a stub., simply displaying the message "This program cannot be run in DOS mode" (or similar) before exiting cleanly. A few dual-mode programs (MZ-NE or MZ-PE) (such as regedit and some older WinZIP self extractors) include a more functional DOS section.
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