Estonian Mythology - Estonian Mythological and Literary Mythological Beings, Deities and Legendary Heroes

Estonian Mythological and Literary Mythological Beings, Deities and Legendary Heroes

• Äiatar – a female demon, Devil's daughter
• Äike - Thunder
• Alevipoeg - Alev's son, a brother of Kalevipoeg
• Ebajalg - demonic whirlwind
• Ehaema - Mother Twilight, a nocturnal spirit or elf, encouraging spinning
• Eksitaja - an evil spirit who makes people lose their way in a forest or a bog
• Haldjas (the ruler) - elf, fairy, protector spirit of some place, person, plant or animal
• Hall - personification of malaria
• Hiid - a giant
• Hiiela - another world, land of the dead
• Hiieneitsid - maidens from the land of the dead
• Hiis - holy grove
• Hingeliblikas – a person's spirit in the form of a moth
• Hingeloom - a person's spirit in the form of an insect or a small animal
• Hoidja - protector, keeper
• Hämarik - personification of dusk, a beautiful young maiden
• Hännamees – a demon who stole and brought food, money and other worldly goods to its maker and owner
• Härjapõlvlane - goblin
• Ilmaneitsi, Ilmatütar - Air Maiden, Sky Maiden
• Ilmarine, Ilmasepp - a mythical blacksmith who forged among other things the Sun and the Moon (cf. Ilmarinen)
• Ilo - Joy, the hostess of feasts
• Jumal - God
• Jutta - queen of the birds, daughter of Taara
• Juudaline - demon
• Järvevana - Old Man from the Lake
• Kaevukoll - bogeyman of the well
• Kaitsja - protector
• Kalevipoeg, Kalevine, Sohni, Soini, Osmi - giant hero, mythical ancient king of Estonia
• Kalm - grave; spirit of a dead person; ruler of the land of the dead
• Kalmuneiu - Maiden of the Grave; a girl from the land of the dead
• Kaval-Ants (Crafty/Sly Hans) - wicked farm hand who deceives his master Vanapagan - the Devil
• Kodukäija - a restless visitant ghost
• Koerakoonlane - a demonic warrior with a dog snout
• Koit - personification of Dawn, a young man, eternal lover of Hämarik
• Koll - bogey
• Kolumats – bogeyman
• Kratt - a demon who stole and brought food, money and other worldly goods to its maker and owner in the form of a whirlwind or meteor-like tail of fire (also called pisuhänd, tulihänd, hännamees)
• Kuu - Moon
• Kõu - Thunder; son of Uku, brother of Pikker
• Kääbas - grave, death spirit
• Külmking - a spirit of an unholy dead, eats children when they bother the forest spirits
• Lapi nõid - witch of Lapland
• Leiger (player) - a giant living in Hiiumaa island, younger brother of "Suur Tõll"
• Lendva - an illness sent by an evil witch
• Libahunt, Sutekskäija - werewolf
• Liiva-Annus or Surm - Death
• Linda - mother of Kalevipoeg
• Lummutis - ghost, wraith
• Luupainaja - incubus, nightmare
• Maa-alune - a creature living under the earth and causing illnesses
• Maajumalad - Gods of Earth
• Maaemä - Mother Earth
• Majauss - domestic grass-snake, protector spirit
• Mana - a hypothetical ruler of the dead
• Manala - land of the dead
• Manalane - inhabitant of the land of the dead
• Marras - spirit of death, predictor of death
• Mereveised - Sea cows
• Metsaema - Mother of Forest
• Metsavana - Old Man of the Forest
• Metsik - a fertility god
• Mumm - bogey, monster, ghost
• Murueide Tütred - daughters of Murueit, beautiful maidens
• Murueit - a female spirit of forest and earth, connected to the land of the dead
• Nõid - witch
• Näkk - mermaid
• Olevipoeg - the brother of Kalevipoeg, city builder, related to St Olaf
• Painaja - nightmare, incubus
• Pakane - Frost
• Pardiajaja - (< Parteigänger) half-demonic warrior
• Peko - Seto god of fertility and brewing
• Peko - a fertility god
• Peninukk - half-demonic warrior
• Penn
• Peremees - Master
• Pikne, Pikker - Thunder, "The Long One"
• Piret - wife of Suur Tõll
• Pisuhänd - tail of fire, treasure-bringing goblin
• Puuk – treasure-bringing goblin
• Põrguneitsi - literally: virgin of Hell
• Päike - Sun
• Rongo
• Rukkihunt
• Rõugutaja - a female deity, protector of the rye crops, women in labor and the city of Narva
• Salme
• Sulevipoeg - Sulev's son, friend of Kalevipoeg
• Suur Tõll - giant hero living in Saaremaa Island
• Taara - the god of nature, sometimes considered supreme god
• Tharapita, Taarapita, Tarapita - mythological Osilian God of War
• Taevataat (literally Sky Father), Vanaisa ("Grandfather")
• Tallaja - trampler
• Tikutaja
• Tont - ghost
• Toonela - land of the dead
• Tooni - god of death, ruler of the dead
• Toor, Tooru - a deity known in western Estonia, related to Scandinavian Thor
• Tulbigas
• Tulihänd, Pisuhänd - "tail of fire" - flying house elf, helps to gather and protect the wealth
• Turis
• Tuule-Emä - Mother Wind
• Tuuleisa - Father Wind
• Tuulispask - whirlwind
• Tuuslar - a sorcerer living in Finland
• Tõll - (see Suur Tõll)
• Täht - Star
• Udres-Kudres - serf, called "Son of the Sun", hero of folksongs
• Uku - the supreme god
• Vanemuine - the god of songs, art and literature
• Vanapagan ("The Old Heathen") Vanatühi, ("The Old Empty one"), Vanakuri ("The Old Evil One"), Vanapoiss ("The Old Boy"), Vanasarvik ("The Old Horned One") in some texts also Vanataat ("The Old Father") - The Devil
• Varavedaja - loot carrier
• Varjuline - shadowling
• Veehaldjas - spirit of the water, the weaver of a spring Ahjualune
• Veteema – Mother of Waters
• Vetevana - Water Spirit
• Vihelik
• Vilbus
• Virmalised - Polar Lights
• Viruskundra

Christian saints interpreted as gods:

• Jüri (St George) - god of agriculture
• Laurits (St Lawrence) - god of fire
• Mart (St Martin) - god of fertility
• Tõnn (St Anthony) - fertility god of the crops and pigs