Phases of The Exam
The first part of the exam involves thorough identification of the horse. This includes documentation of color, age and any distinguishing characteristics/scars/brands/tattoos the horse may have. Vital signs of the horse will also be assessed along with an examination of the horse’s eyes, teeth and manure. A urine sample is usually required of competition horses to ensure the absence of performance-altering medications. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, “The date, time and place of the examination should also be recorded”.
The second phase of the exam begins with a general assessment of the horse’s body and skin condition. It is customary for the veterinarian to assign the horse a body condition score ranging from 1 to 9, with 1 being emaciated and 9 being obese. Scores of 4, 5, or 6 are within the acceptable range for performance, breeding and halter horses.
After a visual assessment of the horse has been made, the veterinarian will then begin palpation of the limbs. By watching the horse perform a variety of movements on different surfaces, a veterinarian is able to get a good idea of the horse’s general soundness. Riding the horse may or may not be incorporated into the exam, according to the intended use of the horse. Asking the horse to move in straight lines and circles is also helpful in revealing any blemishes. A passive/active flexion test is commonly performed along with a thorough hoof examination. A basic neurological exam may also be part of this third examination phase.
The fourth and final phase of the exam is known as the ‘diagnostic’ phase. Radiography, nuclear scans and ultrasonography may be necessary to determine soundness with special emphasis placed on the examination of the navicular bone and distal phalanx. Higher radiographic grades of these areas are usually indicative of lameness and should be noted in a prepurchase exam.
Read more about this topic: Equine Prepurchase Exam
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