Enterovirus - Species and Genetics

Species and Genetics

Enteroviruses are members of the picornavirus family, a large and diverse group of small RNA viruses characterized by a single positive-strand genomic RNA. All enteroviruses contain a genome of approximately 7,500 bases and are known to have a high mutation rate due to low-fidelity replication and frequent recombination. After infection of the host cell, the genome is translated in a cap-independent manner into a single polyprotein, which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded proteases into the structural capsid proteins and the nonstructural proteins, which are mainly involved in the replication of the virus.

The enterovirus genus includes the following ten species:

• Bovine enterovirus
• Human enterovirus A
• Human enterovirus B
• Human enterovirus C
• Human enterovirus D
• Human rhinovirus A
• Human rhinovirus B
• Human rhinovirus C
• Porcine enterovirus B
• Simian enterovirus A

Within these ten species are the serotypes:

• Coxsackievirus

  serotypes CV-A2, CV-A3, CV-A4, CV-A5, CV-A6, CV-A7, CV-A8, CV-A10, CV-A12, CV-A14, & CV-A16 found under the species: Human enterovirus A.

  serotypes CV-B1, CV-B2, CV-B3, CV-B4, CV-B5, CV-B6, CV-A9, & CV-A23 found under the species: Human enterovirus B.

  serotypes CV-A1, CV-A11, CV-A13, CV-A17, CV-A19, CV-A20, CV-A21, CV-A22, & CV-A24 found under the species: Human enterovirus C.

• Echovirus

  serotypes E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5, E-6, E-7, E-8, E-9, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-15, E-16, E-17, E-18, E-19, E20, E-21, E-24, E-25,
  E-26, E-27, E-29, E-30, E-31, E-32, & E-33 found under the species: Human enterovirus B.

• Enterovirus

  serotypes EV-71, EV-76, EV-89, EV-90, EV-91, & EV-92 found under the species: Human enterovirus A.

  serotypes EV-69, EV-73, EV-74, EV-75, EV-77, EV-78, EV-79, EV-80, EV-81, EV-82, EV-83, EV-84, EV-85, EV-86, EV-87, EV-88,
  EV-93, EV-97, EV-98, EV-100, EV-101, EV-106, & EV-107 found under the species: Human enterovirus B.

  serotypes EV-95, EV-96, EV-99, EV-102, EV-104, EV-105, EV-109 & EV-116 found under the species: Human enterovirus C.

  serotypes EV-68, EV-70, & EV-94 found under the species: Human enterovirus D.

• Human rhinovirus

  serotypes HRV-1, HRV-2, HRV-7, HRV-8, HRV-9, HRV-10, HRV-11, HRV-12, HRV-13, HRV-15, HRV-16, HRV-18, HRV-19, HRV-20,
  HRV-21, HRV-22, HRV-23, HRV-24, HRV-25, HRV-28, HRV-29, HRV-30, HRV-31, HRV-32, HRV-33, HRV-34, HRV-36,
  HRV-38, HRV-39, HRV-40, HRV-41, HRV-43, HRV-44, HRV-45, HRV-46, HRV-47, HRV-49, HRV-50, HRV-51, HRV-53,
  HRV-54, HRV-55, HRV-56, HRV-57, HRV-58, HRV-59, HRV-60, HRV-61, HRV-62, HRV-63, HRV-64, HRV-65, HRV-66,
  HRV-67, HRV-68, HRV-71, HRV-73, HRV-74, HRV-75, HRV-76, HRV-77, HRV-78, HRV-80, HRV-81, HRV-82, HRV-85,
  HRV-88, HRV-89, HRV-90, HRV-94, HRV-95, HRV-96, HRV-98, & HRV-100 found under the species: Human rhinovirus A.

  serotypes HRV-3, HRV-4, HRV-5, HRV-6, HRV-14, HRV-17, HRV-26, HRV-27, HRV-35, HRV-37, HRV-42, HRV-48, HRV-52, HRV-69, HRV-70,
  HRV-72, HRV-79, HRV-83, HRV-84, HRV-86, HRV-91, HRV-92, HRV-93, HRV-97, & HRV-99 found under the species: Human rhinovirus B.

• Poliovirus

  serotypes PV-1, PV-2, & PV-3 found under the species: Human enterovirus C.