Elizabeth of Bosnia (c. 1339 – January 1387) became queen of Hungary upon her marriage to King Louis I in 1353, and was the daughter of Ban Stephen II of Bosnia. In 1370, Elizabeth gave birth to a long-anticipated heir, Catherine, and became queen of Poland when Louis succeeded to the Polish throne. The royal couple had two more daughters, Mary and Hedwig, but Catherine died in 1378. When Louis died in 1382, Mary ascended to the throne of Hungary with Elizabeth as regent. Unable to preserve the personal union of Hungary and Poland, the queen dowager secured the Polish throne for her youngest daughter, Hedwig.
During her regency in Hungary, Elizabeth faced several rebellions led by John Horvat and John of Palisna, who attempted to take advantage of Mary's insecure reign. In 1385, they invited King Charles III of Naples to depose Mary and assume the crown. Elizabeth responded by having Charles murdered two months after his coronation, in 1386. She had the crown restored to her daughter and established herself as regent once more, only to be captured, imprisoned and ultimately strangled by her enemies.
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