Eukaryotes
In eukaryotic cells, the existence of efflux pumps has been known since the discovery of p-glycoprotein in 1976 by Juliano and Ling. Efflux pumps are one of the major causes of anticancer drug resistance in eukaryotic cells. These include monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), multiple drug resistance proteins (MDRs)- also referred as p-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), peptide transporters (PEPTs), and Na+ phosphate transporters (NPTs). These transporters are distributed along particular portions of the renal proximal tubule, intestine, liver, blood–brain barrier, and other portions of the brain.
Read more about this topic: Efflux (microbiology)