Effects On Individuals and Entire Population
- Direct effects- direct consumption of a toxin or something that has been contaminated with a toxin by breathing, eating, or drinking.
- Developmental and reproductive problems
- Indirect effects- organisms directly affected by the loss of food which has declined due to toxins.
- Sub lethal effects- toxins which do not kill but make the organism sick or make it change its behavior
- With chronic use of pesticides, this runs the risk of causing abnormalities in chromosome structure in humans, as well as affecting the reproduction, nervous and cardiovascular system of any animals exposed.
- The genetics can be affected by toxicant exposure, direct changes can occur to the DNA, and if not repaired, the changes can lead to the appearance mutations
- Contaminants can modify the distribution of individuals in a population, effective population size, mutation rate and migration rate
Read more about this topic: Ecotoxicology
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)