Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Ibn Miskawayh (Persian: ابن مسكوويه), also known as Ibn Miskawayh (932–1030) or Ebn Meskavayh, was a Persian chancery official of the Buwayhid era, and philosopher and historian from Rey, Iran. He was a boon companion, litterateur and accompolished writer in Arabic on variety of topics including history, theology, philosophy and medicine.
As a neo-platonist, his influence on Islamic philosophy is primarily in the area of ethics. He was the author of the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics, entitled Tahdhib al-akhlaq (تهذيب الأخلاق: Refinement of Morals), focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and refinement of character. He separated personal ethics from the public realm, and contrasted the liberating nature of reason with the deception and temptation of nature.