E6 (mathematics)
In mathematics, E6 is the name of some closely related Lie groups, linear algebraic groups or their Lie algebras, all of which have dimension 78; the same notation E6 is used for the corresponding root lattice, which has rank 6. The designation E6 comes from the Cartan–Killing classification of the complex simple Lie algebras, which fall into four infinite series labeled An, Bn, Cn, Dn, and five exceptional cases labeled E6, E7, E8, F4, and G2. The E6 algebra is thus one of the five exceptional cases.
The fundamental group of the complex form, compact real form, or any algebraic version of E6 is the cyclic group Z/3Z, and its outer automorphism group is the cyclic group Z/2Z. Its fundamental representation is 27-dimensional (complex), and a basis is given by the 27 lines on a cubic surface. The dual representation, which is inequivalent, is also 27-dimensional.
In particle physics, E6 plays a role in some grand unified theories.
Read more about E6 (mathematics): Real and Complex Forms, E6 As An Algebraic Group, Important Subalgebras and Representations, E6 Polytope, Chevalley and Steinberg Groups of Type E6 and 2E6, Importance in Physics