Dzerzhinsky (masculine), Dzerzhinskaya (feminine), or Dzerzhinskoye (neuter) may refer to:
- Felix Dzerzhinsky (1877–1926), Communist revolutionary, founder of the Cheka
- Ivan Dzerzhinsky (1909–1978), Russian composer
- Dzerzhinsky District (disambiguation), name of several districts in the countries of the former Soviet Union
- Dzerzhinsky (inhabited locality) (Dzerzhinskaya, Dzerzhinskoye), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
- Dzerzhinski, Armenia
- Dzerzhinskaya Line, a line of the Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia
- Dzerzhinsky, a Sverdlov-class cruiser
- Dzerzhinsky, a canceled Kirov-class battlecruiser
- Steam locomotive FD, also known as the Felix Dzerzhinsky-class of Soviet steam locomotives
- Sofia Dzerzhinskaya (1882–1968), Polish politician
- Dzerzhinskaya, name of the Lubyanka station of the Moscow Metro in 1935–1990
- Dzerzhinskaya, until 1994, the name of the Universytet station of the Kharkiv Metro
- Dzerzhinskaya, former name of the Lybidska station of the Kiev Metro
- Dzerzhynska (Kryvyi Rih Metrotram), a station of the Kryvyi Rih Metrotram
- Dzerzhinskoe, former name of Besagash, a village in Kazakhstan