Dromaius - Species and Sub-species

Species and Sub-species

Several emu species were common prior to European settlement in 1788:

• Dromaius novaehollandiae, Emu, remains common in most of the more lightly settled parts of mainland Australia. Overall population varies from decade to decade according to rainfall; as low as 200,000 and as high as a million, but a typical figure is about half a million individuals. Although emus are no longer found in the densely settled southern and south-western agricultural areas, the provision of permanent stock water in arid regions has allowed the mainland species to extend its range. There are five recognised sub-species or races of the emu:
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae – South-east Australia – whitish ruff when breeding.
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae woodwardi – North Australia – slender, paler.
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi – South-west Australia – darker, no ruff during breeding.
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis – Tasmania – The Tasmanian Emu, became extinct around 1850.
  • Dromaius novaehollandiae ater – King Island – The King Island Emu was about half the size of the mainland species. By 1805 it had been hunted to extinction by sealers and visiting sailors. Some individuals were kept in captivity in Paris, the last one dying in 1822. It was thought to be a distinct species until 2011.
• Dromaius baudinianus, Kangaroo Island Emu became extinct around 1827 as a result of hunting and frequent fires. The larger mainland species was introduced to Kangaroo Island in the 1920s.
• Dromaius ocypus, a prehistoric species of emu (A.H. Miller, 1963), described from Late Pliocene fossils (Mampuwordu Sands Formation, Lake Palankarinna, Australia) accepted as distinct nowadays.

A number of other Emu fossils from Australia described as separate species are now regarded as chronosubspecies at best, given the considerable variation even between living individuals. There are also some unidentifiable remains of emu-like birds from rocks as old as the middle Miocene.