Dopant - Examples

Examples

  • Boron, arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, among other substances, are commonly used dopants in the semiconductor industry.
    • Dopants for silicon and germanium, group IV semiconductors:
      • Donors: group V atoms: antimony, phosphorus, arsenic
      • Acceptors: group III atoms: boron, aluminium, gallium
    • Dopants for gallium arsenide, a group III-V semiconductor:
      • Donors: group VI and group IV atoms: sulfur, selenium, tellurium, silicon, germanium.
      • Acceptors: group II and group IV atoms: magnesium, zinc, cadmium, silicon, germanium
  • The medical field has some use for erbium-doped laser crystals for the laser scalpels that are used in laser surgery. Europium, neodymium, and other rare earth elements are used to dope glasses for lasers. Holmium-doped and neodymium yttrium aluminium garnets (YAGs) are used as the active laser medium in some laser scalpels.
  • The color of some gemstones is caused by dopants. For example, ruby and sapphire are both aluminum oxide, the former getting its red color from chromium atoms, and the latter doped with any of several elements, giving a variety of colors.

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