Two parts of a visual field can be of equal luminance, but their color (chromaticity) is different. Such a color contrast can be described by a distance in a suitable chromaticity system (e.g. CIE 1976 UCS, CIELAB, CIELUV).
A metric for color contrast often used in the electronic displays field is the color difference ΔE*uv or ΔE*ab.
Read more about this topic: Display Contrast
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