Dijkstra is a Dutch family name of West Frisian origin that may refer to:
- Edsger W. Dijkstra (1930–2002), computer scientist
- Dijkstra's algorithm, his algorithm solving the single-source shortest path problem
- Dijkstra Prize, international annual prize for outstanding papers on computing
- Lou Dijkstra (1909-1964), speedskater, father of Sjoukje Dijkstra
- Bram Dijkstra (born 1938), professor of English literature and cultural historian
- Sjoukje Dijkstra (born 1942), 3x World and Olympic champion figure skater
- Pia Dijkstra (born 1954), politician and television presenter
- Rineke Dijkstra (born 1959), photographer
- Sieb Dijkstra (born 1966), football goalkeeper
- Meindert Dijkstra (born 1967), footballer
- de:Peter Dijkstra (born 1978), choir director
- Wieke Dijkstra (born 1984), field hockey player
- Roel Dijkstra, eponymous character in a comic book series published from 1977 to 1995