Rings Plus Pi Bonds Formulation
For molecules containing only carbon, hydrogen, monovalent halogens, nitrogen, and oxygen, the formula
where C = number of carbons, H = number of hydrogens, X= number of halogens and N = number of nitrogens, gives an equivalent result. Oxygen and other divalent atoms do not contribute to the degree of unsaturation, as (2-2) = 0.
The degree of unsaturation is used to calculate the number of rings and pi bonds, where
- Rings count as one degree of unsaturation
- Double bonds count as one degree of unsaturation
- Triple bonds count as two degrees of unsaturation
Read more about this topic: Degree Of Unsaturation
Famous quotes containing the words rings, bonds and/or formulation:
“If a man do not erect in this age his own tomb ere he dies, he shall live no longer in monument than the bell rings and the widow weeps.”
—William Shakespeare (1564–1616)
“We black women must forgive black men for not protecting us against slavery, racism, white men, our confusion, their doubts. And black men must forgive black women for our own sometimes dubious choices, divided loyalties, and lack of belief in their possibilities. Only when our sons and our daughters know that forgiveness is real, existent, and that those who love them practice it, can they form bonds as men and women that really can save and change our community.”
—Marita Golden, educator, author. Saving Our Sons, p. 188, Doubleday (1995)
“In necessary things, unity; in disputed things, liberty; in all things, charity.”
—Variously Ascribed.
The formulation was used as a motto by the English Nonconformist clergyman Richard Baxter (1615-1691)