The deep column station is a type of subway station, consisting of a central hall with two side halls, connected by ring-like passages between a row of columns. Depending on the type of station, the rings transmit load to the columns either by "wedged arches" or through purlins, forming a "column-purlin complex."
The fundamental advantage of the column station is the significantly greater connection between the halls, compared with a pylon station.
The first deep column station in the world is Mayakovskaya, opened in 1938 in Moscow.
Read more about Deep Column Station: Column-wall Station
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