Notable Examples
TRIUMF, Canada's national laboratory for nuclear and particle physics, houses one of the world's largest cyclotrons. The 18 m diameter, 4,000 tonne main magnet produces a field of 0.46 T while a 23 MHz 94 kV electric field is used to accelerate the 300 μA beam. Its large size is partly a result of using negative hydrogen ions rather than protons. The advantage is that extraction is simpler; multi-energy, multi-beams can be extracted by inserting thin carbon stripping foils at appropriate radii. The disadvantage is that the magnetic field is limited: a magnetic field larger than about 0.5 tesla can prematurely strip the loosely-bound second electron. TRIUMF is run by a consortium of sixteen Canadian universities and is located at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The world's largest cyclotron is at the RIKEN laboratory in Japan. Called the SRC, for Superconducting Ring Cyclotron, it has 6 separated superconducting sectors, and is 19 m in diameter and 8 m high. Built to accelerate heavy ions, its maximum magnetic field is 3.8 tesla, yielding a bending ability of 8 tesla-metres. The total weight of the cyclotron is 8,300 tonnes. It has accelerated uranium ions to 345 MeV per atomic mass unit.
Read more about this topic: Cyclotron
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