- James Adler, composer
- Milton Adolphus, composer, arranger, pianist
- Joseph Alessi, principal trombonist of the New York Philharmonic
- Adrian Anantawan, violinist
- Reid Anderson, bassist of The Bad Plus
- Shmuel Ashkenasi, first violinist of the Vermeer Quartet
- Rose Bampton, principal singer at the Metropolitan Opera during the 1930s and 1940s
- Samuel Barber, composer
- Leonard Bernstein, composer and conductor
- Jonathan Biss, pianist
- Natalie Bodanya, opera singer
- Jorge Bolet, pianist
- David Brooks, Broadway actor, stage director and producer
- Yefim Bronfman, piano
- Anshel Brusilow, violinist, conductor
- Norman Carol, concertmaster of the Philadelphia Orchestra
- Keith Chapman, concert organist
- Shura Cherkassky, pianist
- Pearl Chertok, harpist and composer
- Young-Chang Cho, cellist
- Jasmine Choi, flautist
- Nicolas Chumachenco, violinist
- Katherine Ciesinski, mezzo-soprano
- Timothy Cobb, current principal bassist with the Metropolitan Opera
- Vinson Cole, operatic tenor
- Ken Cowan, organist, assistant professor of organ at the Westminster Choir College
- Miles B. Davis, double bassist, class of 1974 and secretary of the Curtis Alumni Council
- John de Lancie, Principal Oboe of the Philadelphia Orchestra, faculty at Curtis and Director of the school 1977-1985
- Stanley Drucker, principal clarinetist of the New York Philharmonic
- Julius Eastman, pianist, conductor, singer, composer
- Christopher Falzone, pianist
- Juan Diego Flórez, tenor
- Lukas Foss, composer, conductor and pianist
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- Frank Guarrera, baritone
- Anthony Gigliotti, clarinetist, former principal of the Philadelphia Orchestra
- Alan Gilbert, conductor, music director of the New York Philharmonic
- Richard Goode, pianist
- Olga Gorelli, composer and pianist
- Daron Hagen, composer, conductor, pianist, and stage director
- Hilary Hahn, violinist
- Burt Hara, clarinetist, principal of the Minnesota Orchestra
- Lynn Harrell, cello soloist
- Margaret Harshaw, opera singer
- David Hayes, Music Director of The Philadelphia Singers and Director of Orchestral and Conducting Studies at Mannes College The New School for Music
- Michael Hennagin, composer
- Shuler Hensley, singer and actor
- Jennifer Higdon, composer
- Lee Hoiby, composer
- Stanley Hollingsworth, composer
- David Horne, composer and pianist
- Eugene Istomin, pianist
- David N. Johnson, composer, organist and professor
- Arnold Jacobs, former tubist of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and influential teacher of brass pedagogy (deceased)
- Paul Jacobs (organist), organ professor at the Juilliard School
- Stephanie Jeong, Assistant Concertmaster of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic
- Leila Josefowicz, violinist
- Judy Kang, violinist
- Sean Kennard, pianist
- Chin Kim, violinist, soloist, faculty at the Mannes College of Music and Queens College, City University of New York
- Jennifer Koh, violinist
- Lang Lang, pianist
- Mark Lawrence, principal trombonist of the San Francisco Symphony
- Cecile Licad, pianist
- Joan Lippincott, concert organist, former head of the organ department at the Westminster Choir College
- Peter Lloyd, former principal bassist with the Minnesota Orchestra, Professor of Double Bass at the Colburn School Conservatory of Music
- David Ludwig, composer
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