The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology (Polish: Centrum Onkologii–Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie w Warszawie) in Warsaw was founded in 1932 as the Radium Institute by Maria Skłodowska-Curie in collaboration with the Polish Government, especially President Ignacy Mościcki.
In August 1944 during Warsaw Uprising the patients and the staff were brutally murdered by the members of S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A. anti-partisan formation.
After World War II, the Institute changed its name to "Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology."
Today it is a specialized health institute of the Polish Ministry of Health. It also has regional branches in Gliwice and Kraków.
It is the leading and most specialized cancer research and treatment center in Poland.
One of the Institute's brick walls bears the inscription, "MARII SKŁODOWSKIEJ CURIE, W HOŁDZIE"—"In homage to Maria Skłodowska Curie."