Wolfpacks
Arrayed against them were three patrol lines (rakes) of U-boats. Raubgraf, ("Robber Baron"), of 8 boats was already formed, having just been involved in a battle with HX 228; it was sent to patrol off east of Newfoundland, at the western edge of the Air Gap.
Stürmer ("Daredevil"), a new group of 18 boats, was to form up in the middle of the Air Gap. It was formed from boats from patrol group Westmark, which had previously engaged SC 121.
A further group, Dränger ("Harrier"), of 11 boats formed to the east of Stürmer. Some of these boats were from Neuland, which had also been in the battle with HX 228; the rest were newcomers.
Read more about this topic: Convoys HX 229/SC 122