Fula
Consonant mutation is a prominent feature of the Fula language. The Gombe dialect spoken in Nigeria, for example, shows mutation triggered by declension class. The mutation grades are fortition and prenasalization:
| Radical | Fortition | Prenasalization |
|---|---|---|
| f | p | p |
| s | ʃ | ʃ |
| h | k | k |
| w | b | mb |
| r | d | nd |
| j | dʒ, ɡ | ɲdʒ, ŋɡ |
| ɣ | ɡ | ŋɡ |
For example, the stems rim- 'free man' and 'person' have the following forms:
- (class 2), dimo (class 1), ndimon (class 6)
- (class 2), gimɗo (class 1), ŋgimkon (class 6)
Read more about this topic: Consonant Mutation