Types of Conformational Isomerism
Butane has three rotamers: two gauche conformers, which are enantiomeric and an anti conformer, where the four carbon centres are coplanar. The three eclipsed conformations with dihedral angles of 0°,120° and 240° are not considered to be rotamers, but are instead transition states.
Some important examples of conformational isomerism include:
- Linear alkane conformations with staggered, eclipsed and gauche conformers, and
- Ring conformation
- Cyclohexane conformations with chair and boat conformers.
- Carbohydrate conformation
- Atropisomerism- due to restricted rotation about a bond, a molecule can become chiral
- Folding of molecules, where some shapes are stable and functional, but others are not.
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