In artificial intelligence, the confederate effect is the phenomenon of a human being considered a machine from their textual discourse during practical Turing tests staged in the Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence.
It is the reverse of the ELIZA effect, which Sherry Turkle states is "our more general tendency to treat responsive computer programmes as more intelligent than they really are" and the cause to "very small amounts of interactivity", causing humans to "project own complexity onto the undeserving object".
In the first Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence, in 1991, which deployed restricted conversational one-to-one Turing imitation games, each interrogator chatted to one artificial conversational entity (ACE) at a time, a female confederate or hidden-human, about William Shakespeare. The phenomenon was seen in the University of Surrey 2003 Loebner Prize for Artificial Intelligence, when both hidden-humans, one male and one female, were each ranked as machine by at least one judge: Judge 7 and Judge 9 ranked the female 'confederate 2' as "1.00=definitely a machine"; the male 'confederate 1' was ranked "1.00=definitely a machine" by Judge 4 and Judge 9. The gender of these two hidden-humans were incorrectly identified (male considered female; woman considered man) in independent transcript analysis ('gender-blurring' phenomenon, see Shah & Henry, 2005).\
Famous quotes containing the words confederate and/or effect:
“Figure a man’s only good for one oath at a time. I took mine to the Confederate States of America.”
—Frank S. Nugent (1908–1965)
“Movies are one of the bad habits that corrupted our century. Of their many sins, I offer as the worst their effect on the intellectual side of the nation. It is chiefly from that viewpoint I write of them—as an eruption of trash that has lamed the American mind and retarded Americans from becoming a cultured people.”
—Ben Hecht (1893–1964)