Results of The Concordat
Though the Concordat of Bologna left many problems unsolved, it provided the ground-rules for the limited Reformation in France: the sons of Francis and Catherine de' Medici saw no advantage to the Crown in any gestures towards Reformation in France. The king of France had enormous powers to direct the Church's wealth and provide sinecures in the offices of bishops and abbots in commendam, for his faithful followers among the powerful aristocracy. The Concordat ended any vestige of the elective principle, in which the monks or cathedral canons chose the abbot or bishop: there were some protests from these disenfranchised communities, whose approval of candidates had for some time devolved into a mere pro forma. It allowed the King to maintain control of the Church as well as the State. For many years to come, the Kings of France would struggle to keep the Catholic Church in power, as it was filled with supporters of their policies. This would lead to persecution of non-Catholics under Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, and Charles IX.
This religious intolerance would lead to the civil wars in France that are called the Wars of Religion, and finally religious freedom in the form of an Edict of Toleration, the Edict of Saint-Germain issued by Charles IX's regent in 1562 and finally the Edict of Nantes.
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