Complement Receptor 1
| Gene Ontology | |
|---|---|
| Molecular function | • complement component C3b binding • complement component C4b binding • complement component C4b receptor activity • complement component C3b receptor activity |
| Cellular component | • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • cell surface |
| Biological process | • complement activation, classical pathway • regulation of complement activation • innate immune response • negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway • negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway • negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity • positive regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity |
| Sources: Amigo / QuickGO | |
207.67 – 207.81 Mb
Erythrocyte complement receptor 1 (CR1, also known as CD35, C3b/C4b receptor and immune adherence receptor) is a human gene.
This protein encoded by this gene is a member of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1. The gene encodes a monomeric single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein found on erythrocytes, leukocytes, glomerular podocytes, and splenic follicular dendritic cells. The Knops blood group system is a system of antigens located on this protein. The protein mediates cellular binding to particles and immune complexes that have activated complement. Decreases in expression of this protein and/or mutations in its gene have been associated with gallbladder carcinomas, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with a reduction in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting, conferring protection against severe malaria. Alternate allele-specific splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. Additional allele specific isoforms, including a secreted form, have been described but have not been fully characterized.
In primates, CR1 serves as the main system for processing and clearance of complement opsonized immune complexes. It has been shown that CR1 can act as a negative regulator of the complement cascade, mediate immune adherence and phagocytosis and inhibit both the classic and alternative pathways. The number of CR1 molecules decreases with aging of erythrocytes in normal individuals and is also decreased in pathological conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), HIV infection, some haemolytic anaemia s and other conditions featuring immune complexes. In mice, CR1 is an alternatively spliced variant of the complement receptor 2 (CR2) gene.
Certain alleles of this gene have been statistically associated with an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's Disease.
Read more about Complement Receptor 1: 1q32 Region, Forms, Structure, Alleles, Rosetting, Role in Blood Groups
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