Type Manipulation
| Get object type | Is instance of (includes subtypes) | Upcasting | Downcasting | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runtime check | No check | ||||
| ABAP Objects | = | ?= | |||
| C++ (STL) | typeid(x) | dynamic_cast<type *>(&x) != NULL | dynamic_cast<type*>(ptr) | (type*) ptr or static_cast<type*>(ptr) |
|
| C# | x.GetType | x is type | (type) x or x as type | ||
| D | typeid(x) | cast(type) x | |||
| Delphi | x is type | x as type | |||
| Java | x.getClass | x instanceof class | (type) x | ||
| Objective-C (Cocoa) | ] | (type*) x | |||
| JavaScript | x.constructor | x instanceof class | |||
| Visual Basic .NET | x.GetType | TypeOf x Is type | CType(x, type) or TryCast(x, type) | ||
| Eiffel | x.generating_type | attached {TYPE} x | attached {TYPE} x as down_x | ||
| Python | type(x) | isinstance(x, type) | |||
| PHP | get_class(x) | x instanceof class | |||
| Perl | ref(x) | x->isa("class") | |||
| Perl 6 | x.WHAT | x.isa(class) | type(x) or x.type |
||
| Ruby | x.class | x.instance_of?(type) or x.kind_of?(type) |
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| Smalltalk | x class | x isKindOf: class | |||
| Windows PowerShell | x.GetType | x -is | x or x -as | ||
| OCaml | (x :> type) | ||||
| F# | x.GetType | x :? type | (x :?> type) | ||
Read more about this topic: Comparison Of Programming Languages (object-oriented Programming)
Famous quotes containing the words type and/or manipulation:
“The more characteristic American hero in the earlier day, and the more beloved type at all times, was not the hustler but the whittler.”
—Mark Sullivan (1874–1952)
“When we say “science” we can either mean any manipulation of the inventive and organizing power of the human intellect: or we can mean such an extremely different thing as the religion of science the vulgarized derivative from this pure activity manipulated by a sort of priestcraft into a great religious and political weapon.”
—Wyndham Lewis (1882–1957)