Standard Stream I/O
read from | write to | ||
---|---|---|---|
stdin | stdout | stderr | |
ALGOL 68 | readf(($format$, x)); or getf(stand in, ($format$, x)); |
printf(($format$, x)); or putf(stand out, ($format$, x)); |
putf(stand error, ($format$, x)); |
C (C99) | scanf(format, &x); or fscanf(stdin, format, &x); |
printf( format, x); or fprintf(stdout, format, x); |
fprintf(stderr, format, x ); |
Objective-C | data = readDataToEndOfFile]; | writeData:data]; | writeData:data]; |
C++ | «std::»cin >> x; or «std::»getline(«std::»cin, str); |
«std::»cout << x; | «std::»cerr << x; or «std::»clog << x; |
C# | x = Console.Read; or x = Console.ReadLine; |
Console.Write(«format, »x); or Console.WriteLine(«format, »x); |
Console.Error.Write(«format, »x); or Console.Error.WriteLine(«format, »x); |
D | x = std.stdio.readln | std.stdio.write(x) or std.stdio.writeln(x) or std.stdio.writef(format, x) or std.stdio.writefln(format, x) |
stderr.write(x) or stderr.writeln(x) or std.stdio.writef(stderr, format, x) or std.stdio.writefln(stderr, format, x) |
Java | x = System.in.read; or x = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt; or x = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine; |
System.out.print(x); or System.out.printf(format, x); or System.out.println(x); |
System.err.print(x); or System.err.printf(format, x); or System.err.println(x); |
Go | fmt.Scan(&x) or fmt.Scanf(format, &x) or x = bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin).ReadString('\n') |
fmt.Println(x) or fmt.Printf(format, x) |
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, x) or fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, format, x) |
JavaScript |
document.write(x) | ||
JavaScript |
Response.Write(x) | ||
JavaScript |
x = WScript.StdIn.Read(chars) or x = WScript.StdIn.ReadLine |
WScript.Echo(x) or WScript.StdOut.Write(x) or WScript.StdOut.WriteLine(x) |
WScript.StdErr.Write(x) or WScript.StdErr.WriteLine(x) |
Common Lisp | (setf x (read-line)) | (princ x) or (format t format x) |
(princ x *error-output*) or (format *error-output* format x) |
Scheme (R6RS) | (define x (read-line)) | (display x) or (format #t format x) |
(display x (current-error-port)) or (format (current-error-port) format x) |
ISLISP | (setf x (read-line)) | (format (standard-output) format x) | (format (error-output) format x) |
Pascal | read(x); or readln(x); |
write(x); or writeln(x); |
|
Visual Basic | Input« prompt,» x | Print x or ? x |
|
Visual Basic .NET | x = Console.Read or x = Console.ReadLine |
Console.Write(«format, »x) or Console.WriteLine(«format, »x) |
Console.Error.Write(«format, »x) or Console.Error.WriteLine(«format, »x) |
Python 2.x | x = raw_input(«prompt») | print x or sys.stdout.write(x) |
print >> sys.stderr, x or sys.stderr.write(x) |
Python 3.x | x = input(«prompt») | print(x«, end=""») | print(x«, end=""», file=sys.stderr) |
S-Lang | fgets (&x, stdin) | fputs (x, stdout) | fputs (x, stderr) |
Fortran | READ(*,format) variable names or READ(INPUT_UNIT,format) variable names |
WRITE(*,format) expressions or WRITE(OUTPUT_UNIT,format) expressions |
WRITE(ERROR_UNIT,format) expressions |
Forth | buffer length ACCEPT ( # chars read ) KEY ( char ) |
buffer length TYPE char EMIT |
|
PHP | $x = fgets(STDIN); or $x = fscanf(STDIN, format); |
print x; or echo x; or printf(format, x); |
fprintf(STDERR, format, x); |
Perl | $x = <>; or $x = |
print x; or printf format, x; |
print STDERR x; or printf STDERR format, x; |
Perl 6 | $x = $*IN.get; | x.print or x.say |
x.note or $*ERR.print(x) or $*ERR.say(x) |
Ruby | x = gets | puts x or printf(format, x) |
$stderr.puts(x) or $stderr.printf(format, x) |
Windows PowerShell | $x = Read-Host«« -Prompt» text»; or $x = ::Read; or $x = ::ReadLine |
x; or Write-Output x; or echo x |
Write-Error x |
OCaml | let x = read_int or let str = read_line or Scanf.scanf format (fun x ... -> ...) |
print_int x or print_endline str or Printf.printf format x ... |
prerr_int x or prerr_endline str or Printf.eprintf format x ... |
F# | let x = System.Console.ReadLine | printf format x ... or printfn format x ... |
eprintf format x ... or eprintfn format x ... |
Standard ML | val str = TextIO.inputLIne TextIO.stdIn | print str | TextIO.output (TextIO.stdErr, str) |
Haskell (GHC) | x <- readLn or str <- getLine |
print x or putStrLn str |
hPrint stderr x or hPutStrLn stderr str |
^a Algol 68 additionally as the "unformatted" transput routines: read, write, get and put.
^b gets(x) and fgets(x, length, stdin) read unformatted text from stdin. Use of gets is not recommended.
^c puts(x) and fputs(x, stdout) write unformatted text to stdout.
^d fputs(x, stderr) writes unformatted text to stderr
^e INPUT_UNIT, OUTPUT_UNIT, ERROR_UNIT are defined in the ISO_FORTRAN_ENV module.
Read more about this topic: Comparison Of Programming Languages (basic Instructions)
Famous quotes containing the words standard and/or stream:
“The art of advertisement, after the American manner, has introduced into all our life such a lavish use of superlatives, that no standard of value whatever is intact.”
—Wyndham Lewis (18821957)
“One has but to observe a community of beavers at work in a stream to understand the loss in his sagacity, balance, co-operation, competence, and purpose which Man has suffered since he rose up on his hind legs.... He began to chatter and he developed Reason, Thought, and Imagination, qualities which would get the smartest group of rabbits or orioles in the world into inextricable trouble overnight.”
—James Thurber (18941961)