Communist Party of India (Maoist)

The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is an underground Political Party in India which aims to overthrow the government of India through people's war means. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the People's War, and the Maoist Communist Centre (MCC). The merger was announced on October 14 the same year. In the merger a provisional central committee was constituted, with the erstwhile People's War Group leader Muppala Lakshmana Rao, alias "Ganapathi", as General Secretary.

The CPI (Maoist) are often referred to as Naxalites in reference to the Naxalbari insurrection conducted by radical Maoists in West Bengal in 1967.

The present draft document has been finalized by Joint CC of the erstwhile CPI (ML) and the MCCI in September 2004 after extensive discussions. Five draft documents were prepared after intense discussions in a series of bilateral meetings held between the high-level delegations of the two erstwhile parties between February 2003 and September 2004. The Joint CC meeting deeply studied these five draft documents, freely exchanged the rich experiences acquired through the revolutionary practice during the past three decades and more, and arrived at a common understanding on several vexed questions confronting the Indian revolution in the backdrop of the international developments.

The present document – Party Constitution – is the synthesis of all the positive points in the documents of the two erstwhile parties, as well as their experiences in the course of waging the people’s war, fighting against revisionism, and right and left opportunist trends in the Indian and international communist movement, and building a stable and consistent revolutionary movement in various parts of our country.

They are fighting for the rights of the tribes in the forest belt around central India-Chattisgharh,Orissa,Bihar,Jharkhand,Maharastra,West Bengal.New organizational expansion has been reported in Uttarakhand,Assam,Manipur,Nagaland,Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. That region contains deposits of minerals which are of interest to mining companies like Tata and Essar.

Naxals have been charged by the government with running an extortion economy in the guise of a popular revolution, extorting vast amounts of money from local branches of mining companies and other businesses. They have been involved in several cases of blowing up schools and railway tracks, and accused of keeping the areas under their control away from modernity and development, so they can impose their will on the uneducated rural populace.

In 2006, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh referred to the Naxalites as "the single biggest internal security challenge ever faced by our country." The Indian government, led by the United Progressive Alliance, banned the CPI (Maoist) under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) as a terrorist organisation on 22 June 2009. As of June 2010, the Indian government has identified 83 districts in nine states as "Naxal-hit".