Diversity
Distinct Eurasian Common Crossbill populations:
- Balearic Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra balearica
- Associated with Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis
- North African Crossbill, Loxia c. poliogyna
- Associated with Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis
- Corsican Crossbill, Loxia c. corsicana
- Associated with European Black Pine, Pinus nigra
- Cyprus Crossbill, Loxia c. guillemardi
- Associated with European Black Pine, Pinus nigra
- Crimean Crossbill, Loxia c. mariae
- Associated with European Black Pine, Pinus nigra?
- Luzon Crossbill, Loxia c. luzoniensis
- Associated with Khasi Pine, Pinus kesiya
- Annam Crossbill, Loxia c. meridionalis
- Associated with Khasi Pine, Pinus kesiya
As with Parrot and Scottish Crossbills, all of the above are fairly sedentary forms associated with hard-coned Pinus species. The following are more associated with the softer cones of spruce and larch:
- Altai Crossbill, Loxia c. altaiensis
- Associated with spruces
- Tien Shan Crossbill, Loxia c. tianschanica
- Associated with Schrenk's Spruce Picea shrenkiana
- Himalayan Crossbill, Loxia c. himalayensis
- Associated with Himalayan Hemlock Tsuga dumosa
- Japanese Crossbill, Loxia c. japonica
North American Red Crossbill subspecies list based on biometrics:
- Newfoundland Crossbill, Loxia c. percna Possibly extinct
- Lesser Crossbill, Loxia c. minor
- Sitka Crossbill, Loxia c. sitkensis
- Loxia c. neogaea
- Rocky Mountain Crossbill, Loxia c. benti
- Sierra Crossbill, Loxia c. grinnelli
- Bendire Crossbill, Loxia c. bendirei
- Mexican Crossbill, Loxia c. stricklandi
- Central American Crossbill, Loxia c. mesamericana
- South Hills Crossbill (described as new species (Loxia sinesciuris) in 2009)
Jeff Groth's classification of North American Red Crossbill forms based on call-types:
- Type 1, corresponds with Loxia c. neogaea
- Recorded on Tsuga species, Picea glauca, Pinus strobus
- Type 2, corresponds with Loxia c. benti/grinnelli/bendirei
- Recorded on Rocky Mountains Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa scopulorum in the west and in various Pinus species in the east
- Type 3, corresponds with Loxia c. minor and Loxia c. sitkensis (sitkensis is probably a junior synonym)
- Recorded on Western Hemlock Tsuga heterophylla
- Type 4, corresponds with Loxia c. neogaea
- Recorded on Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii
- Type 5, corresponds with Loxia c. benti/grinnelli/bendirei
- Recorded on Lodgepole Pine Pinus contorta latifolia
- Type 6, corresponds with Loxia c. stricklandi
- Uses Pine species in Section Trifoliae
- Type 7, corresponds with Loxia c. benti/grinnelli/bendirei
- In terms of diet this type is possibly a generalist
- Type 8, corresponds with Loxia c. percna
- Uses Black Spruce Picea mariana
- Type 9, corresponds with South Hills Crossbill
- Isolated population of Lodgepole Pine Pinus contorta latifolia
Summers' list of European Common Crossbill forms (with Parrot & Scottish) based on Flight/Excitement calls:
- 1A, corresponds with "British" Crossbill
- 1B, corresponds with "Parakeet" Crossbill
- 2B, corresponds with "Wandering" Crossbill
- 2D, corresponds with Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus
- 3C, corresponds with Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica
- 3D, corresponds with Balearic Crossbill
- 3E, corresponds with North African Crossbill
- 4E, corresponds with "Glip" Crossbill
- 5D, corresponds with Cyprus Crossbill
"The Sound Approach's" classification of European Common Crossbill types based on call-types:;
- "Wandering" Crossbill (Type A - flight call "Keep")
- "Bohemian" Crossbill (Type B - flight call "Weet")
- "Glip" Crossbill (Type C - flight call "Glip")
- "Phantom" Crossbill (Type D - flight call "Jip")
- "British" Crossbill (Type E - flight call "Chip")
- "Scarce" Crossbill (Type F - flight call "Trip")
- "Parakeet" Crossbill (Type X - flight call "Cheep")
Read more about this topic: Common Crossbill
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