Occurrence
| Language |
Word |
IPA |
Meaning |
Notes |
| Alekano |
gamó |
|
'cucumber' |
|
| Chinese |
Mandarin |
喝 hē |
|
'to drink' |
See Mandarin phonology |
| Taiwanese Hokkien |
蚵 ô |
|
'oyster' |
Mostly southern Taiwanese speech |
| Estonian |
kõrv |
|
'ear' |
|
| Irish |
Uladh |
|
'Ulster' |
See Irish phonology |
| Korean |
Gyeongsang dialect |
거기 geogi |
|
'there' |
See Korean phonology |
| Önge |
önge |
|
'man' |
|
| Scottish Gaelic |
doirbh |
|
'difficult' |
See Scottish Gaelic phonology |
| Thai |
เธอ thoe |
|
'you' |
|
|
International Phonetic Alphabet
|
|
|
IPA topics
|
|
| IPA |
- International Phonetic Association
- History of the IPA
- Extensions to the IPA
- Kiel convention (1989)
- Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
- Naming conventions
|
|
| Phonetics |
- Diacritics
- Segments
- Tone letter
- Place of articulation
- Manner of articulation
|
|
| Special topics |
- Case variants of IPA letters
- Handwritten IPA
- Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
- IPA chart for English dialects
|
|
| Encodings |
- SAMPA
- X-SAMPA
- Conlang X-SAMPA
- Kirshenbaum
- TIPA
- Phonetic symbols in Unicode
- WorldBet
- IPA Braille
|
|
|
|
|
Consonants
|
|
|
IPA pulmonic consonantschart image • audio |
| Place → |
Labial |
Coronal |
Dorsal |
Radical |
Glottal |
| ↓ Manner |
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Postalveolar |
Retroflex |
Alveolo-palatal |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Epiglottal |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m̥ |
m |
|
ɱ |
|
n̪ |
n̥ |
n |
|
n̠ |
ɳ̊ |
ɳ |
|
ɲ̟ |
ɲ̊ |
ɲ |
ŋ̊ |
ŋ |
|
ɴ |
|
|
|
| Stop |
p |
b |
p̪ |
b̪ |
t̪ |
d̪ |
t |
d |
|
ʈ |
ɖ |
|
|
c |
ɟ |
k |
ɡ |
q |
ɢ |
|
ʡ |
ʔ |
|
| Fricative |
ɸ |
β |
f |
v |
θ |
ð |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
ʂ |
ʐ |
ɕ |
ʑ |
ç |
ʝ |
x |
ɣ |
χ |
ʁ |
ħ |
ʕ |
ʜ |
ʢ |
h |
ɦ |
| Approximant |
|
|
ʋ |
|
|
ɹ |
|
|
ɻ |
|
|
j̊ |
j |
|
ɰ |
|
|
| Flap or tap |
|
ⱱ̟ |
|
ⱱ |
|
|
ɾ |
|
|
ɽ |
|
|
|
ɢ̆ |
|
|
ʡ̯ |
|
| Trill |
|
ʙ |
|
|
r̥ |
r |
|
|
ɽ͡r |
|
|
|
ʀ |
|
|
ᴙ * |
|
| Lateral fricative |
|
|
|
ɬ |
ɮ |
|
ɭ˔̊ |
|
|
|
ʎ̥˔ |
|
ʟ̝̊ |
ʟ̝ |
|
|
|
|
| Lateral approximant |
|
|
|
l̪ |
l̥ |
l |
|
|
ɭ |
|
ʎ̟ |
|
ʎ |
|
ʟ |
|
|
|
|
| Lateral flap |
|
|
|
|
ɺ |
|
|
ɺ̠ |
|
|
|
ʎ̯ |
|
ʟ̆ |
|
|
|
|
Non-pulmonic consonants
| Clicks |
ʘ |
ǀ |
ǃ |
ǂ |
ǁ |
| ʘ̃ |
ʘ̃ˀ |
ʘ͡q |
ʘ͡qʼ |
‼ |
| Implosives |
ɓ |
ɗ |
ʄ |
ᶑ |
ɠ |
ʛ |
| Ejectives |
pʼ |
t̪ʼ |
tʼ |
cʼ |
ʈʼ |
kʼ |
qʼ |
| fʼ |
θʼ |
sʼ |
ɬʼ |
ʃʼ |
ʂʼ |
ɕʼ |
xʼ |
χʼ |
| tsʼ |
tɬʼ |
cʎ̝̥ʼ |
tʃʼ |
ʈʂʼ |
kxʼ |
kʟ̝̊ʼ |
qχʼ |
Affricates
| p̪f |
b̪v |
ts |
dz |
tʃ |
dʒ |
tɕ |
dʑ |
ʈʂ |
ɖʐ |
| tɬ |
dɮ |
cç |
ɟʝ |
cʎ̥˔ |
|
kx |
ɡɣ |
kʟ̝̊ |
ɡʟ̝ |
| qχ |
ɢʁ |
Co-articulated consonants
| Continuants |
ʍ |
w |
ɥ |
ɧ |
| Occlusives |
k͡p |
ɡ͡b |
ŋ͡m |
| These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. |
| Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. |
| Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. |
| * Symbol not defined in IPA. |
|
|
| Chart image |
- Pulmonics
- Non-pulmonics
- Affricates
- Co-articulated
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels
|
|
|
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
| Close |
|
•iy
•ɨʉ
•ɯu
•ɪʏ
•ɪ̈ʊ̈
•ʊ
•eø
•ɘɵ
•ɤo
•e̞ø̞
ə
•ɤ̞o̞
•ɛœ
•ɜɞ
•ʌɔ
•æ
ɐ
•aɶ
•ä
•ɑɒ
|
|
| Near-close |
| Close-mid |
| Mid |
| Open-mid |
| Near-open |
| Open |
|
|
|
Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • view
|
|
|
|
Read more about this topic: Close-mid Back Unrounded Vowel, Features