Classical Anatolia
History of Anatolia | |||||||
Paleolithic c. 500,000 – 10,000 BC | |||||||
Mesolithic c. 11,000 – 9,000 BC | |||||||
Neolithic c. 8,000 – 5,500 BC | |||||||
Hattians c. 2500 BC – c. 2000 BC | |||||||
Akkadian Empire c. 2400 BC – c. 2150 BC | |||||||
Assyrian trading colonies c. 1950 BC – 1750 BC | |||||||
Kingdom of Kizzuwatna c. 1650 BC – 1450 BC | |||||||
Hittites c. 1680 BC – 1220 BC | |||||||
Old Kingdom c. 1600-1460 BC | |||||||
Middle Kingdom c. 1460-1400 BC | |||||||
New Kingdom c. 1400-1178 BC | |||||||
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms c. 1200 – 800 BC | |||||||
Ionian League c. 1300 BC – 700 BC | |||||||
Phrygian Kingdom c. 1200 BC – 700 BC | |||||||
Troy I-VIII c. 3000 BC – 700 BC | |||||||
Lydian Kingdom c. 685 BC – 547 BC | |||||||
Median Empire c. 625 BC – 549 BC | |||||||
Achaemenid Empire of Persia c. 559 BC – 331 BC | |||||||
Kingdom of Alexander the Great 334 BC – c. 323 BC | |||||||
Diadochi 334 BC – c. 301 BC | |||||||
Lysimachian Empire 301 - 281 BC | |||||||
Ptolomeic Empire 301 - 30 BC | |||||||
Seleucid Empire c. 301 BC – 64 BC | |||||||
Kingdom of Pontus c. 302 BC – 64 BC | |||||||
Attalids of Pergamon 282 BC – 129 BC | |||||||
Kingdom of Armenia 190 BC – 428 AD | |||||||
The Roman Republic 509 BC –27 BC | |||||||
The Roman Empire 27 BC – 330 AD | |||||||
The Byzantine Empire 330–1453 | |||||||
Byzantium under the Heraclians 610–711 | |||||||
Isaurian dynasty and Iconoclasm 730–787 / 814–842 | |||||||
Byzantium under the Macedonians 867–1056 | |||||||
Byzantium under the Komnenoi 1081–1185 | |||||||
Byzantium under the Angeloi 1185–1204 | |||||||
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 1078–1375 | |||||||
The Empire of Trebizond 1204–1461 | |||||||
The Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 | |||||||
Byzantium under the Palaiologoi 1260–1453 | |||||||
Danishmends 1071–1178 | |||||||
The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm 1077–1307 | |||||||
Artuqids 1101–1409 | |||||||
Beylik of Karaman 1270–1487 | |||||||
The Ilkhanid Dynasty ca. 1256–1355 | |||||||
The Rise of the Ottoman Empire 1299–1453 | |||||||
The Growth of the Ottoman Empire 1453–1606 | |||||||
The Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire 1606–1699 | |||||||
The Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1699–1839 | |||||||
The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire 1792–1922 | |||||||
The Republic of Turkey 1923–present | |||||||
The history of Anatolia encompasses the region known as Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu), known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, considered to be the westernmost extent of Asia. Geographically it encompasses the central uplands of modern Turkey, from the coastal plain of the Aegean Sea east to the mountains on the Armenian border and from the narrow coast of the Black Sea south to the Taurus mountains and Mediterranean coast. The earliest representations of culture in Anatolia were Stone Age artifacts. The remnants of Bronze Age civilizations such as the Hattian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Hittite peoples provide us with many examples of the daily lives of its citizens and their trade. After the fall of the Hittites, the new states of Phrygia and Lydia stood strong on the western coast as Greek civilization began to flourish. Only the threat from a distant Persian kingdom prevented them from advancing past their peak of success. As Persia grew in strength, their system of local government in Anatolia allowed many port cities to grow and to become wealthy. Their governors revolted periodically but did not pose a serious threat. The Greek Alexander the Great finally wrested control of the whole region from Persia in successive battles, proving victorious over the Persian Darius III. After Alexander's death, his conquests were split amongst several of his trusted generals, but were under constant threat of invasion from both the Gauls and other powerful rulers in Pergamon, Pontus, and Egypt. The Seleucid Empire, the largest of Alexander's territories, and which included Anatolia, became involved in a disastrous war with Rome culminating in the battles of Thermopylae and Magnesia. The resulting Treaty of Apamea in (188 BC) saw the Seleucids retreat from Anatolia. The Kingdom of Pergamum and the Republic of Rhodes, Rome's allies in the war, were granted the former Seleucid lands in Anatolia. Roman control of Anatolia was strengthened by a 'hands off' approach by Rome, allowing local control to govern effectively and providing military protection. In the early 4th century, Constantine the Great established a new administrative centre at Constantinople, and by the end of the 4th century a new eastern empire was established with Constantinople as its capital, referred to by historians as the Byzantine Empire from the original name, Byzantium. Read more about Classical Anatolia: Recorded History, Classical Antiquity, Medean and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires Famous quotes containing the word classical:“Et in Arcadia ego. |