Mammals
Small mammals can be significant pests to reforestation site and Christmas tree plantations. Voles, or meadow mice, can cause damage to conifer plantation seedlings. The potential for vole infestation is highest when the land has ample grass and undergrowth coverage; which is often found in plantations and sites that are on old pastures that already have a large vole population. In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, gopher (pocket gopher) damage to conifer seedlings occurs over thousands of acres, causing significant economic loss for the region. Gophers have a tendency to damage root systems as well as strip bark off the base of seedlings. Other mammal pests to Christmas tree farms include, porcupine, rabbit, deer, and thirteen-lined ground squirrel.
Read more about this topic: Christmas Tree Pests And Weeds