Chinese Postal Map Romanization

Chinese Postal Map Romanization (simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音; traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音; pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn; Wade–Giles: Yu2-cheng4-shih4 P'in1-yin1) was the system of romanization for Chinese place names which came into use in the late Qing dynasty and was officially sanctioned by the Imperial Postal Joint-Session Conference (simplified Chinese: 帝国邮电联席会议; traditional Chinese: 帝國郵電聯席會議), which was held in Shanghai in the spring of 1906. This system of romanization was retained after the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 and since it was in use in the official postal atlas of the Republic of China (ROC), it remained the most common way of rendering Chinese place names in the West (by cartographers for example) for a large part of the twentieth century.

Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, its displacement of the ROC in the United Nations in 1972, and the adoption of Pinyin as the international standard in 1982 by the ISO, the system has gradually been replaced by pinyin for Han Chinese location names and SASM/GNC romanization for ethnic minority language location names, which is now almost universally accepted.

The system was based on Wade–Giles for postal purposes, especially for placenames in the official postal atlas, letters and stamps. It uses some already common European names of Chinese places that override the Wade-Giles system, and incorporates some dialectal and historical pronunciations.

Main differences from Wade-Giles include:

• Complete lack of diacritic and accent marks.
• Chi, ch'i, and hsi (pinyin ji, qi, and xi) are represented as either tsi, tsi, and si or ki, ki, and hi depending on historic pronunciation, e.g.,
  • Changkiang (Ch'ang-chiang, Changjiang)
  • Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing, Chongqing)
  • Peking (Pei-ching, Beijing)
  • Tientsin (T'ien-chin, Tianjin)
  • Tsinan (Chi-nan, Jinan)
• Unless it is the sole vowel in the syllable, the Wade-Giles u becomes w, e.g.,
  • Ankwo (An-kuo, Anguo)
  • Kinchow/Chinchow (Chin-chou, Jinzhou)
• Guangdong (Kwangtung), Guangxi (Kwangsi), and Fujian (Fukien) placenames are romanized from the local dialects, such as Hakka, Cantonese, and Min (systems also obtained from Giles' A Chinese-English Dictionary).
  • Amoy (Hsia-men, Xiamen)
  • Swatow (Shan-t'ou, Shantou)
  • Quemoy (Chin-men, Jinmen)
• Popular pre-existing (from 19th century or earlier) European names for places in China are retained, such as those of the treaty ports.
  • Canton (Kuang-chou, Guangzhou)

Other orthographic peculiarities include:

• hs- becomes sh- or -s, e.g., Kishien (from Chi-hsien)
• -ê (schwa) and -ei both become -eh, e.g., Chengteh (from Ch'eng-te) and Pehkiao (from Pei-ch'iao). -ê occasionally also can be -e or -ei.
• final u sometimes become -uh, e.g., Wensuh (from Wen-su)